英语单项知识的讲解与练习（108）
536. date的用法
date日期。
例句：
①If I pay a fee can I change the date?如果付费,能够改机票日期吗? ②What's your card number and expiration date?你的visa卡号码与有效日期呢?
③Don't forget to date your cheque.不要忘记在支票上写上日期。 ④Can you date the fossil exactly?你能确定这化石的确切年代吗? 短语：date back to/ from 始于(属于某一历史时期)、可追溯到；date the letter在信上写日期；date something确定某物的年代；to date 至今、到现在；at an early date日内；out of date过时；the date of birth出生日期；up to date直到现在的、最新式的；make a date to do something相约做某事；from that date 从那时起；on a certain date 在某一日期；to date 到目前为止；under date of May 1 在五月一日；date for an exam 考试日期；date of meeting 开会的日期；
用法：①date可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时可接名词或代词作宾语,作“断〔鉴〕定年代”解时,常以古物、古器等名词作宾语,有时可接以as短语充当补足语的复合宾语。用作不及物动词作“约会”解时,少指一般朋友之间的约会,而多指情侣之间的约会,也可用以指异性中的一方对此种交往的同意,含有“就这样约定了”,属非正式用法,多用于美国。
②date用作不及物动词,还有“过时,不流行”的意思。
③date的基本意思是“(注明的)日期,日子,年份”,是可数名词,不一定只指某一天,可以统指年、月、日,但不用于“星期”或单独用于“月份”。date指的日期往往是特指的,其前常加the。date也可作“时代,年代”解,若指历史上某一时期,是不可数名词。date还可作“约定”解,指会面的时间和地点的确定,引申可表示异性间“社交约会,幽会”,是可数名词。 ④date前常加介词at或on。如at an early date，on a certain date和on that date；
比较：（1）date back (to) 和date from 都有“追溯到、从……就开始有”的意思。如：The custom dates from ancient times. / The castle dates back to the fourteenth century. date for 意为“与……约会”。如：I’ll date Mary for the dance.
(2)、date是指具体的日期，一般用单数。如：He can’t remember the date of that battle.
day泛指日子。如：He’ll never forget the day when we departed. 在疑问句中，date问的是几月几号，day问的是星期几，day可指天气，date不可。
练习：
①We were told that the stone figure ___ back to the 16th century was of great value.
A. dated B. dating C. coming D. kept
②The castle ___ the 14th century.
A. dates back B. dated back to C. dates from D. dated from ③These old buildings possibly ___ the Ming Period.
A. are dated back to B. date from C. are dated from D. date ④We are planning to visit an old castle ___ the 11th century.
A. dating back B. dated from C. dates back to D. dating from
537. death的用法
death死。
例句：
①The seedling was frozen to death.幼苗被冻死了。
②The farm came to him on his father's death.他父亲死时把农场留给他了。
③The film ends with the death of the heroine.这部电影以女主角的死告终。
④He had to choose between death and dishonour.他必须在死亡和屈辱之间作出选择。
短语：put somebody to death 处死某人；meet his death from cancer患癌症而死；sentence somebody to death 判处某人死刑；the death of one’s hope希望的毁灭；on/ upon the death of在某人死时（后）；at death 逝世时；by the death of sb 由于某人的逝世；in death as in life 虽死犹生；in the death of sb 由于某人的逝世；in the hour of sb's death 在某人逝世的时刻；point of death 死亡的边缘；to the death 至死,到底；
until death 终生；death by hanging 绞死；death on 善于,是…能手,对…极为不满,竭力反对；death on smoking 竭力反对抽烟；
用法：①death的基本意思是“死,死亡”,也可表示“死亡时刻; 死法; 死状”“死因”,既可用作可数名词,也可用作不可数名词。 ②death也可表示“死亡的状态”,是不可数名词。
③death也可表示“毁灭,消失,终止”,是不可数名词,不可用于复数。 练习：
①The storms did a lot of ___ and caused some ___.
A. damage; death B. damages; deaths
C. damage; deaths D. damages; death
②According to the newspaper, the murderer ___ to death 3 days ago.
A. had sentenced B. would be sentenced
C. sentenced D. was sentenced
③The ___ soldier told us his past days before long he ___. His ___ made us very sad.
A. dying; died; death B. dying; death; died
C. dead; died; dying D. died; dead; death
④Nothing could be done to save the patient and he ___ fast.
A. died B. was dying C. was dead D. death
538. debate的用法
debate辩论、讨论。
例句：
①After a long debate, the house of commons approved the bill.经过长时间的辩论，下议院通过了议案。
②I don't wish to debate my opinions with you.我不想就我的看法同你辩论。
③He debated buying a new car, but didn't in the end.他思量很久是否买辆新汽车,但最后还是没买。
④This is a question that they have often debated.这是个他们常讨论的问题。
短语：debate with somebody upon/ about /over/onsomething与某人辩论某事；debate sb与某人辩论；debate about sth争论某事；a debate with sb与某人的一场辩论；under debate 在辩论中; open a debate 开始辩论; beyond〔without〕 debate 无可争议；the point in debate 争论点；the question under debate 辩论中的问题；have a debate against sb 和某人辩论；the debate on 关于…的辩论；debate with sb in public about 就…与某人公开辩论；
用法：①debate about后不可接动名分词，about在这不作介词。 ②debate用作名词可指在公共集会或议会中进行的正式“辩论,讨论”,也可指一般性的“辩论,讨论”。
比较：debate指各自陈述理由，强调公正、公开，气氛较为激烈。 argue意为“说理；争论”，通常指提出理由来支持自己的观点，并企图说服别人，着重使用说理的方式来论证主张。
练习：
①After a long ___ the bill was passed by the House of the Commons.
A. argue B. debate C. discuss D. quarrel
②The 2 sides debated ___ each other ___ who was the better for a day
A. to; to B. with; about C. over; on D. between; in ③Truth develops through ___ between different views.
A. argue B. discuss C. debate D. quarrel
④Yesterday I ___ debate ___ my classmates.
A. had, with B. had the, about C. had a, about D. had a, with
539. expand 的用法
expand (v)使膨胀、扩张、扩大；
例句：
①Metals expand when they are heated.金属遇热则膨胀。
②Would you expand upon the matter a little further?请你再进一步谈谈这件事好吗?
③They conferred on the best way to expand business.他们商议扩展业务的最好方法。
④Our foreign trade has expanded during recent years.近年来我们的对外贸易有所增加。
⑤The petals of many flowers expand in the sunshine.许多花的花瓣在阳光中绽放。
短语：expand by 因…而扩大；expand from...to... 从…增加到；expand in 在…中发展；expand into 扩大成；expand into an industrial city 发展成工业城市；expand on 进一步阐述,详谈；expand on a problem 对某个问题加以阐述；expand upon 根据…阐述；
用法：expand既可用作及物动词,又可用作不及物动词,用作及物动词时可接名词或代词作宾语。作vt，宾语后接 into，表示“把??扩充成”。如：He expanded his short story into a book. 作vi，后接 on或 upon，表示“详述”；后接 with，表示“因??而膨胀”。如： He will expand on the problem at the meeting./ Most metals expand with heat.
练习：
①This kind of material expands ______ the temperature increasing.
A. to B. for C. with D. at
②Everyone is amazed at the _________ growth of this city; it has been so different from what it was five years ago.
A.explosive B.expanding C.expensive D.excessive
③Many Europeans ________ the continent of Africa in the 19th century.
A. explodedB. exploredC. exposedD. expanded
④Between 1974 and 1997，the number of overseas visitors expanded ______ 27%.
A. by B. for C. to D. in
⑤The board of the company has decided to ______ its operations to
include all aspects of the clothing business.
A. multiply B. lengthen C. expand D. stretch
⑥Our teacher was _______ by the funny story.
A.naked B.yielded C.amused D.expanded
540. explicit 的用法
explicit (adj)外在的、清楚的、直率的、直接付款的；
例句：
①They gave explicit reasons for leaving.他们明确地说出了离开的原因。
②He has an explicit understanding of this.他对这个了解得很清晰。 ③He gave me explicit directions on how to get there.他清清楚楚地告诉我怎样到达那里。
④This film will never pass the censors, because it is too sexually explicit这部电影一定不能通过审查这一关,因色情过于露骨。
短语：explicit idea〔statement〕明确的想法〔陈述〕；explicit directions〔instructions〕明确的指示〔说明〕；explicit in one's statement陈述直率；explicit in sense意思清楚；
用法：explicit后接in, on 或about，表示“对??毫不隐瞒”。如：The doctor asked her to be explicit in describing her symptoms./ He was quite explicit on that point.
练习：
①The law on drinking and driving is ______ stated.
A.extravagantlyB.empiricallyC.exceptionallyD.explicitly
②Creating so much confusion, Mason realized he had better make _____ what he was trying to tell the audience.
A. exclusive B. explicit C. objective D. obscure
③She gave ____explicit____ directions about the way the rug should be cleaned.
A. explicit B. brisk C. transient D. opaque
④He wasn't quite explicit _____ why he left.
A.in B.over C.about D.from
Keys:
536. BCBD
537. CDAB
538. BBCD
539. CADACC
540. DBAC
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