英语单项知识的讲解与练习（80）
396. addition的用法
addition (n)增加、加、加法、增加物；additional adj.另外的, 附加的, 额外的;
例句：
①In addition to a diet, she pursues various exercises on TV.节食以外她还随电视做体操。
②In addition to an album, I gave him a pen and a pencil.除了一本照相簿外，我还给了他一支钢笔和一支铅笔。
③They eat a great deal of fruit in addition.他们还吃大量的水果。 ④Addition and division are forms of computation.加法和除法都是计算方法。
⑤The little girl is not very clever at addition.这个小女孩不太善于做加法。
短语：in addition另外；in addition to除??之外,类似的：apart from; except; except for; besides;do addition 做加法；make addition 扩充；simple addition 简单的加法；useful addition 有用的添加；addition of flour 加面粉；addition to 对…的添加；
用法：①in addition to意为“加在…上”或“不但…”，其中to是介词，在这不代表不定式，因此用in addition to doing this,而不是in addition to do this。
②addition的基本意思是“加”,指将两个或两个以上的人或事物合在一
起,作此解时为不可数名词,但有时其前可加不定冠词,作“加法”解。 ③addition也可指“增加的人〔事物〕”,指在原有的基础上增加的人或物,此时为可数名词。
练习：
①Dr Bake is a professor of physics. ___, he is a famous writer.
A. In all B. In brief C. In fact D. In addition
②___ the price, the dress doesn’t suit me.
A. Apart from B. In addition C. Except for D. Except ③I know nothing about the young lady ___ she is from Beijing.
A. except B. except that C. except for D. in addition
④You must remember that there are six other applicants ___ the names on the list.
A. in addition B. except C. in addition to D. except for
397. admire的用法
admire钦佩、羡慕、欣赏。admission 允许进入；入场费；门票；承认;
例句：
①You may not like him, but you have got to admire his persistence.你可以不喜欢他，但你不得不佩服他那种坚韧不拔的精神。
②We admire him for his righteousness.我们钦佩他的正直。 ③Visitors admire Beijing for its beauty.观光者赞赏北京的美丽。
④There is no man who does not admire him.没有人不羡慕他的。
短语： admire somebody for something/ doing something 因某事佩服某人；admire to be a soldier 想当兵；admire to do something 很想做某事；by/ on one’s own admission 正如某人自己所承认的；express admiration for sb.对某人表示钦佩; have great admiration for sb.十分钦佩某人; in admiration of表示钦佩; with/in admiration心怀钦佩地; 用法：①admire的基本意思是表示主语(人)对某人、物或事物的尊重或喜爱的感情,即“赞美、赞赏、称赞”; 也可表示承认其优越性和超人之处,即“钦佩”。口语中有时含有“奉承”的味道,也可用作反语,表示一种讥讽的口气,在古语中还可表示“惊奇,难以想象”。
②admire语气较强,多用于一般时态,可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语,有时还可接以as短语充当补足语的复合宾语。在表示“钦佩某人的…”时常用admire for v -ing结构。
③在美式英语或英国一些方言中admire可以接动词不定式作宾语,但不表示“钦佩”“赞赏”,而表示“高兴做某事”,相当于like, wish。
④admire后接名词，不能接that从句。如：I admire his learning.句子最好别换成I admire that he is learned
⑤下面的两种表达方式均可：I admire his learning. /I admire him for his learning.
比较：admire 是对某人(物)怀有钦佩、羡慕等情感。 admire 后只能跟名词、代词、动名词作宾语，不能跟从句。如：I admire your frankness.
praise是把这种情感表达出来，通常是说出。如：The teacher praised the student for his diligence.
练习：
(1). 单项填空：
①Not only is Madam Curie admired ___ a great scientist, but she is also remembered ___ her determination and courage, her willingness to share her knowledge.
A. for; as B. for; for C. as; for D. as; as
②Being the first Chinese to go around the earth in a spaceship, Yang Liwei is ___ for his great courage.
A. encouraged B. admired C. apologized D. excused ③After she made herself up, she ___ herself in the mirror.
A. found B. showed C. admired D. enjoyed
④What was she doing when you visited her? She was ___ herself in the mirror.
A. enjoying B. admiring C. devoting D. seeing
⑤He ___ me by his wonderful speech.
A. admired B. amazed C. wondered D. Advised
(2). 完成句子
①Stop looking in the mirror ___________ (自我欣赏).
②Visitors to Beijing usually _____________ (钦佩那里的警察).
③Our school is widely ____________ (羡慕) its excellent teaching .
398. amount的用法
amount总数、数量、数额。
例句：
①The total cost of repairs amounted to 100 dollars.修理费用总计一百美元。
②Her answer amounted to a complete refusal.她的答复等于是完全拒绝。
③A petrol gauge shows the amount of petrol left in a car.汽油表指示出汽车里所剩汽油数量。
④He has a large amount of mail to answer every day.他每天有大量的信件要回复。
短语：the amount of + (U) ……的总数量；a large amount of + (U)大量的；amount to合计、等于、成为，后跟名词、动名词；above a certain amount 超过一定数额；beyond this amount 超过这个数目；in amount 总之，总计；in large amounts 大量的；more than ￡1000 in amount 总额超过一千英镑；；salary of this amount 这个数目的薪金；to the amount of 总计达；
表示数量的短语及用法：
a great deal of，a large／small／huge amount of+不可数名词(作主语时，谓语用单数形式)
large／vast amounts of+不可数名词(作主语，谓语用复数形式)
many，a good／great many，a number of，large numbers of，a few，
dozens of，scores of+可数名词复数(作主语，谓语用复数形式)
plenty of, a lot of+可数名词复数(作主语，谓语用复数形式)；也可接不可数名词(作主语，谓语用单数形式）
a large quantity of+名词，large quantities of+名词（作主语，谓语与quantity一致）
用法：①amount后可接介词to。如：The expenses amount to ￥50. ②amount后也可接动名词，要注意不要与不定式混淆。如：That amounts to saying that he is a genius.saying不可改成say。
③做名词时，只能用作不可数名词，如能说a large amount of literature，不能说alarge amount of books。
④amount 用于表示“量”“额”，如重量、金额等。
⑤amount of后一般接不可数名词，有时也可接复数可数名词，此名词被视为某一“总量”或“综述”。
⑥短语 in the amount of (总共为)可以 of 或 for 代之；to the
amount (总共达)可以 to 代之。但如接款项数字大的总数，一般用 in〔to〕 the amount of。
⑦amount用作动词的基本意思是“合计,共计”,引申可指“等同,接近”。amount是不及物动词,常与介词to连用。
练习：
①Although a large amount of good medicine ___ used on the patient, he still had no rapid response ___ the treatment.
A. had; to B. had been; for C. was; to D. has been; for
②Although a large ___ of money was used and a ___ of doctors and nurses lost their lives in fighting against SARS, Chinese people were able to win the battle in the end.
A. number; amount B. amount; number
C. number; number D. amount; amount
③This type of car is being produced ___ to meet the increasing demand.
A. on large quantities B. on a large scale
C. for large numbers D. with large amounts
④What's the ___ amount of wine you are allowed to take through customs duty free?
A. big B. large C. great D. maximum
⑤Because of _____ mail we receive，we may not be able to reply to your letter.Please remember to include your full name with your letter.
A. a great many of B. a large number of
C. a large amount of D. a great plenty of
399. conform的用法
conform vt.使一致, 使遵守, 使顺从; vi.符合, 相似, 适应环境; adj.一致的, 顺从的;
例句：
①His ideas do not conform to mine.他的想法和我的不一致。
②He doesn't conform to the usual stereotype of the city businessman with a dark suit and rolled umbrella.他不像典型的城市商人那样，穿一身深色的套服、 带一把收好的雨伞。
③She refused to conform to the normal social conventions.她拒绝遵从正常的社会习俗。
She left home to escape the pressure to conform to her family's way of life.她离家出走以求摆脱她家生活方式对她的束缚。
Students are required to conform to the rules.学生被要求遵守规则。
短语：conform artificially不自然地遵守；conform artistically精巧地符合；conform complacently得意地符合；conform to顺应； 用法：①conform的基本意思是“使?与?相符合或一致”,多指人的行为与规则、规章、指令等一致,也可指理论、状态、习俗、思想等“与?相符合”,引申可表示为“遵守”“顺从”等。
②conform既可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词,常与介词to或with连用,表示“顺应”“相符”等。
③conform的宾语后接介词to，表示“使??与??相符合或一致”。如：He had to conform his conduct to the rule. 后接介词to，表示“遵从、与??一致”。如：Most people willingly conform to the customs of society.
练习：
①In Britain today women ____ 44% of the workforce, and nearly half the mothers with children are in paid work.
A. make up B. build upC. stand for D. conform to ②Students can be expelled for refusing to ____ to school rules.
A. conform B. confine C. confirm D. confuse
③I don’t know whether what she said is true, but I’ll try to ________ it.
A. conformB. confirmC. confessD. confine
④E-mail is a convenient, highly democratic informal medium for conveying messages that _______ well to human needs.
A. adheresB. reflectsC. conformsD. satisfies
⑤All the students have to ______to the rules and regulations of the school.
A. confirm B. confront C. confine D. conform ⑥As visiting scholars,they willingly ____ to the customs of the country they live in.
A. submitB. conformC. subjectD. commit
400. cite的用法
cite vt.引用, 引证, 提名表扬;
例句：
①The lawyer cited a previous case to support his argument.律师引用了以前的案例来支持他的论点。
②It's no use citing the Bible to somebody who doesn't believe in God.对不信上帝的人引用圣经的话是没用的。
③I'll just cite some figures for comparison.我要引用一些数字作比较。
④Can you cite another case like this one?你能举出与此相似的另一个例子吗?
⑤As a proof of this I may cite several facts.我可以举几件事实来证明这个。
短语：cite sth as instance举某物为例；cite sth as proof of...引?以证明；cite sb for sth因某事而嘉奖某人；cite from sb引用某人的某作品；cite another example举出另一例子；
用法：①cite的基本意思是“引用”或“举例”。指引用权威的理论或言论来支持自己的论点或供他人参考,也指举出实例或强有力的证据来作为自己论点的论据和证明。
②cite是及物动词,接名词或代词作宾语,常用于被动结构中，后接介词 for，介词宾语为事，表示“因??受嘉奖或传讯”。如： He was cited for bravery in battle.
③cite接介词for可作“传令嘉奖”或“传讯”解。
练习：
①The minister _____ the latest crime figures as proof of the
need for more police.
A. referred B. recruitedC. cited D. imported
②During the lecture, the speaker occasionally _____ his point by relating his own experiences.
A. illustratedB. hintedC. citedD. displayed
③He _____ contempt of court.
A.cited for B.was cited for
C.was cited by D.cited by
④The soldier was cited _____ the king for his bravery.
A.for B.from C.of D.by
Keys:
396. DABC
397. (1).CBCBB (2).①admiring yourself②admire the policemen there③admired for
398. CBBDC
399. ABACDB
400. CABD
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