英语单项知识的讲解与练习（91）
451. budget的用法
budget预算、预案；
例句：
①Congress has approved the new educational budget.国会通过了新的教育预算。
②Our budget needs drastic revision.我们的预算需作重大修改。 ③The government has budgeted 10000000 pounds for education spending.政府将10000000英镑编入教育预算。
④If we budget carefully, we'll be able to afford a new house.如果我们精打细算就能买一座新房子了。
⑤You can buy high-quality goods at budget prices there.你可以在那买到物美价廉的商品。
短语：a budget deficit预算赤字；a family budget家庭收支预算；budget one’s time安排自己的时间；budget for the coming year为下一年度编造预算；enlarge budgets 增加预算；exceed a budget 超出预算；annual budget 年度预算；weekly budget 每周的预算；business budget 营业开支；expense budget 开支预算；
用法：budget用作名词的基本意思是“预算”,指计划着怎样花钱。也可指政府一年一度的财政预算,还可指一项计划中的“预算额,经费”。 练习：
①Our money is limited and we should ___ for the next year.
A. save B. spare C. limit D. budget
②They earn a great deal, but they can’t balance their ___ because the wife is often ill.
A. plan B. budget C. project D. prediction
③He is good at ___ his time.
A. budgeting B. arranging C. budget D. A and B
④His father makes a little money, but he can budget ___ his family.
A. in B. on C. for D. with
452. burn的用法
burn燃烧、晒(干)。
例句：
①Half the candle had burnt away.蜡烛已烧去一半。
②It's better to burn out than to fade away!与其慢慢凋谢,不如灿烂燃烧!
③He died of the burns he received in the fire.他因在火灾中受烧伤而死。
④It seems that matter is lost when fuels burn.似乎燃料燃烧时物质就消失了。
短语：burn down 烧光、烧掉、烧毁；burn up/ out 烧光、烧完；burn with anger 怒火中烧；burn to do something 热衷于做某事；burn for utterance 急于发言；burn with somebody 充满、被…煎熬(忧心如焚
地思念某人)；His words burnt into my mind (深刻印入)；burn one’s boats破釜沉舟；burn the midnight oil开夜车；burn … to the ground把……烧光(烧成平地)；Those who play with fire will burn themselves玩火者自焚；
用法：①burn的基本意思是“烧”,指“燃烧”(自燃或人为点燃),也可指“烧伤”(各种原因如烧、烫、烤等及各种程度)。引申则可表示“情绪激动”(如怒火中烧)。
②burn可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词。用作及物动词时后接名词或代词作宾语,有时还可接以形容词充当补足语的复合宾语。burn可用于被动结构。
③burn还可用作系动词,接形容词作表语。
④burn用作名词时有3个意思:1.“烧”,指抽象的燃烧动作或状态,是不可数名词; 2.“伤”,指烧伤或刺痛,是可数名词; 3.“痕”,指烧过或烧伤的痕迹,是可数名词。
⑤burnt 表示状态和结果，可做前置定语。 burned常指动作，不做前置定语。
练习：
①The ancient church was almost ___ before the firefighters managed to control the big fire.
A. burned down B. burned out C. burned off D. burning up ②He threw the letter into the stove and it ___ in a few seconds.
A. burnt up B. burnt down C. burnt out D. burnt off
③I smell sth ___ in the kitchen. Can you call back in a minute?
A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt
④The fire is ___; get some more coal please.
A. burn up B. burning down C. burnt down D. burnt up
453. burst 的用法
burst 爆炸、炸破、突然发生、发作。
例句：
①There was a burst of laughter in the next room.隔壁房间里突然爆发出一阵笑声。
②The pipe burst and a spout of water shoot out.水管破裂了，一股水喷了出来。
③I've eaten so much I'm bursting at the seams.我吃得太多了，肚子都要撑破了。
④The boy blew the paper bag out and burst it.那男孩把纸袋吹胀后又把它弄破了。
短语： burst out/ forth 爆发、突然出现；burst out doing something突然做某事；burst into blossom/ sight (view) 鲜花盛开、突然地出现（映入眼帘）；burst open 突然裂开、冲开；burst with anger = burst into rage 勃然大怒；be bursting with 充满、渴望；burst to do sth渴望做某事；burst open推开；忽然打开； 裂开; burst through冲开；冲破；拨开; burst in upon打断(谈话等)；突然出现； 突然到达; burst in/ into
闯入； 突然出现； 突然……起来； 突然发作;
另外，burst into后接名词时可表示不同的意义：burst into laughter突然大笑起来; burst into tears突然大哭起来; burst into cheers突然欢呼起来; burst out后接动名词也表示同样的意思: burst out laughing/crying 突然大笑/哭起来;
用法：①burst可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词。用作不及物动词时,可接动词不定式作状语,表示“急于做(某事)”。用作及物动词时可接名词或代词作宾语,偶尔也可接以形容词充当补足语的复合宾语。 ②burst后可跟反身代词,也可不跟,跟反身代词时语气更强烈些。 ③burst有时也可表示“充满，装满”，常与介词with连用。如：I am bursting with joy.
④burst是可数名词,常与不定冠词a连用。a burst of表示“一阵…”。 练习：
(1).单项选择：
①The poor girl ___ when she heard the sad news that her grandmother had passed away.
A. burst into tears B. burst out to cry
C. burst on tears D. burst for crying
②Dreaming without hard work will never ___ anything.
A. burst into B. consist of C. amount to D. set aside ③I don’t know why she burst into ___.
A. tear B. tore C. torn D. tears
④The sun ___, hot and brilliant.
A. burst into B. burst out C. burst forth D. burst up
⑤Every time _____ he thought of his past, he couldn’t help bursting .
A. when; out tears B. that; into crying
C. which; into tears D. /; out crying
(2).完成句子
①The river has _______（决堤了）.
②The hall was _______ _____（挤满）people.
③He _______ _____（闯入）the bedroom.
④The oil _______ _____（冒出）the ground.
⑤When she heard the news, she _____ _____ _____（大笑起来）.
454. dedicate的用法
dedicate vt.献(身), 致力, 题献(一部著作给某人);
例句：
①She dedicated her life to science.她毕生致力于科学。
②I will dedicate myself to science in the future.我将来一定要投身于科学事业。
③I dedicate this song to my wife.我要把这首歌献给我太太。
④I'd like to dedicate the book to my parents.我想把这本书献给我的父母。
⑤The mayor will go to dedicate the museum.市长将出席博物馆的落成典礼。
短语：dedicate life 奉献生命；dedicate a memorial 献纪念品；dedicate youth 奉献青春；dedicate richly 隆重地奉献；dedicate solemnly 庄严地奉献；dedicate whole-heartedly 全心全意地奉献；dedicate wholly 彻底地奉献；dedicate to 献身于…；
用法：①dedicate的基本意思是庄严、完全地奉献,常指正式地让出某物作为严肃的、神圣的用途。用于比喻则表示把时间、精力甚至生命献给某一神圣的事业。
②dedicate是及物动词,接人或抽象名词作宾语。可用于被动结构。 ③dedicate的宾语后接介词 to，宾语为反身代词或指生命时，表示“献身于”。如： He dedicated himself/ his life to peace. 宾语为物，介词宾语指人或神时，表示“将??奉献给??”。如：He dedicated this book to his wife.
练习：
①We should ________ our energy and youth to the development of our country.
A. dedicate B. cater C. ascribe D. cling
②It's pleasure for him to ______ his energy and even his life to research work.
A. dedicateB. dictateC. decorateD. direct
③The old man dedicated the temple _____ God.
A. for B.on C. to D. with
④We are ready to dedicate _____ to the construction of motherland.
A.ouryoung B.us young C.us youth D.our youth
455. depart的用法
depart (v) 起程，动身，出发；离开，离去；
例句：
①He departed this life at the age of seventy.他70岁时去世。 ②He seemed somewhat loath to depart.他似乎不愿离去。
③The train to Beijing will depart from platform 3 in half an hour.开往北京的火车将于半小时后从三站台开出。
④The war forced us to depart from the old customs.战争迫使我们不得不违背旧习俗。
⑤He departed from life yesterday.他昨天去世了。
短语：depart cheerfully 欢乐地离开；depart mysteriously 神秘地离开；depart noiselessly 悄悄地离开；depart peacefully 平和地离开；depart radically 根本地背离；depart seriously 严重地叛离；depart voluntarily 自愿地离开；depart for 启程去…；depart from 离开；depart in 以…(方式)告别；depart on 出发；depart to 动身去；
用法：①depart后接from，表示“离开、违背、脱离”。如：He departed from New York for Paris./ Never depart from practice.
②depart不可用作“(互相)分别”解。
③depart属非延续性动词,表示一时的动作,所以在用于完成时态时不能与表示延续一段时间的状语连用。例如:他们两年前就去了日本。误:They've departed for Japan for twoyears.正:They departed for Japan two years ago.类似的动词还有leave, arrive, die, go, come等。 练习：
①They ____ for a progressive cause and died willingly.
A. bled B. wounded C. devoted D. departed ②On turning the corner, we saw the road ____ steeply.
A. descending B. departing C. depressing D. decreasing ③We are departing _____Paris by the next plane.
A.to B. for C.at D.in
④The war forced us to depart _____ the old customs.
A. out of B.to C.from D.with
Keys:
451. DBDC
452. AAAB
453. (1). ACDCD (2). ①burst②burst with③burst into④burst from⑤burst into laughter
454. AACD
455. AABC
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