英语单项知识的讲解与练习(95)

英语单项知识的讲解与练习（95）

471. clothing的用法

clothingn. (总称)衣服，服装[U]

例句：

①He discarded his winter clothing.他把冬天穿的衣服都丢弃了。 ②This clothing sells well to the teenage market.这种衣服在青少年中间很畅销。

③Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.小孩依赖他们的父母供给衣食。

④We have to put on warm clothing in winter.冬天的时候，我们不得不穿上温暖的衣服。

⑤Here's a handy tip for removing stains from clothing.这有个除掉衣服上污点的窍门儿。

短语：change clothing 换衣服；put on clothing 穿上衣服；wear clothing 穿衣服；heavy clothing 厚实的服装；light clothing 轻便的服装；summer clothing 夏装；winter clothing 冬装；

用法：①clothing的基本意思是“衣服,服装”,是衣服的总称，不仅包括衣裤,而且包括鞋袜、手套等。另外, clothing还可以表示抽象的“着装”。

②clothing是集合名词,无复数形式。表示一件衣服时，可用an article of或a piece of。

比较：

clothing是衣服、被褥的总称，为不可数名词；用作主语时，其后谓语动词要用单数。表示一件衣服，可借助单位词article, item或piece。 clothes指包括上衣、裤子、内衣、外衣等在内的具体的衣服，它没有单数形式，只能说many/some/a few clothes; 使用代词时可用ones。表示一套衣服，可以借助suit或set。

cloth则指做衣服所用的布料，为不可数名词。但若表示用作某种特殊用途的布(如：桌布，台布，揩布等)，则是可数的。若用复数形式 (cloths)，则指多种布。

clothe 的意思不是“穿(衣)”，而是“给(某人)穿衣”，所以其宾语总是人而不是衣(注意有时用被动语态)。

练习：

(1). 完成句子：

①The __________ industry in this area has been going from strength to strength.

②It’s cold outside. You’d better put on more __________ . ③How much _________ does it take to make a blouse for a girl?

(2). 单项填空：

①In fact, much of the clothing in fashion shows_____not meant to be worn in daily life.

A. have B. hasC. is D. are

②Most people have_____for certain colors, patterns or categories of clothing.

A. talents B. preferencesC. excuses D. responsibilities

③He doesn’t spend any more money on clothing than I do, but_____he manages to look so stylish.

A. therefore B. somehowC. furthermore D. otherwise

④—Why did she spend so much time searching shop after shop? —Oh, she was very_____ about clothing.

A. special

B. particularC. especial D. unusual

472. coast的用法

coast海岸、海滨。coastline海岸线。

例句：

①Spray slaps the coast ceaselessly.海浪不停地拍打着海岸。

②Fishing boats were anchored all along the coast.渔船沿着岸抛锚停泊。

③He is going to live by the coast for the sake of his health.他为了自己的健康，打算到海滨地区去居住。

④We spent a week exploring the coast.我们花了一周时间在海滨进行探测。

短语：raid the coast 入侵海岸；sweep the coast 席卷海岸；forbidding coast 险峻的海岸；inhospitable coast 荒凉的海岸；rocky coast 多岩石的海岸；along the coast 沿海；at the coast 在海边；from the coast 从一个海岸开始；on coast 在海边；to coast 到一个海岸；

用法：①coast用来表示从远处看到的海洋与陆地的分界线，或把这一分界线作为一个整体来看待。不能说：I saw him sitting on the coast. beach海滩，相对平坦、宜于游泳、日光浴；shore海滨（边）、湖边，笼统指平坦或突兀陡峭的岸边。

②coast虽然是可数名词,但常以单数形式出现,并加定冠词。 ③the Coast特指“美国太平洋沿岸”。

练习：

①The island is three miles ___ the coast of southeast.

A. from B. to C. along D. off

②___ down the plane, we can see the Dutch ___.

A. Looked; coast B. Looked; shore

C. Looking; coast D. Looking; shore

③There are many beautiful islands ___ the east coast of the country.

A. off B. along C. on D. from

④China is a great country and has a very long ___.

A. coast B. beach C. coastline D. shore

473. collision的用法

collision碰撞、冲突；

例句：

①The car was completely wrecked by the force of the collision.这辆汽车受到很大的撞击力而完全损坏。

②The liner is reported to have been in collision with an oil tanker.据报道，这艘客轮与一艘油轮相撞。

③The Government and the unions are on a collision course.政府和工会必将发生冲突。

短语：in collision相撞、在冲突中；in the collision with在……的碰撞中；avoid a collision with 避免与…冲撞；fierce〔sharp〕 collision 激烈〔尖锐〕的冲突；immediate collision 直接冲突；railway collision 火车相撞事件；be in〔come into〕 collision (with) (与…)相撞〔冲突〕；collision against 与…相撞；the collision between the bus and the car 公共汽车和汽车的相撞；collision of one object with another 两物体的相撞；collision of sentiments 感情冲突；

练习：

①To our horror, there was ___ of a bus with a car on the bridge.

A. a conflict B. an appointment C. a collision D. a meet ②Full employment and economic viability ___.

A. is in collision B. are in conflict

C. are in conflict with D. is in conflict with

③The angry crowd ___ collision ___ each other in the street that day.

A. come out, of B. came into, for

C. come into, in D. came into, with

④___ the collision ___ a trick, the bus damaged a lot.

A. In, with B. In, of C. With, with D. On, with

474. efficient 的用法

efficient (adj)效率高的、有能力的；efficiency n.效率, 功效; 例句：

①This is a highly efficient new heating system.这是个高效的新取暖系统。

②The success of CAD systems is becoming more dependent on the efficient drafting.cad系统的成功在很大程度上取决于草图的制图效率。

③He's efficient at his job.他胜任工作。

④I'll say this for them--I'll admit that they're efficient.我得为他们说句话——我会说他们很有能力。

短语：a simple and efficient structure精简的机构；be fully efficient充分发挥效力的;be highly efficient高效率的;efficient in在…有成效;raise efficiency提高效率;at efficiency以…的效率;in efficiency在效率上;work with great efficiency工作效率很高;

用法：①efficient后接for，表示“有??的能力或效率”。如：An automobile is more efficient for rapid travel than a horse.

②efficient修饰人、事物、行为皆可，是“能胜任的”、“得力的”或“有效率的”的意思。如：He's not very efficient:he works very slowly.他不是很有效率，做的很慢。

练习：

①We have not ______ information to state the exact damage.

A. abundant B. sufficient C. plenty D. efficient

②The European Union countries were once worried that they would not have _______ supplies of petroleum.

A. proficient B. potential C. efficient D. sufficient

③You should hire a more ________ manager than the one you currently have.

A. sufficientB. effectiveC. respectiveD. efficient

④She is a very ________ secretary: she never forgets anything or makes a mistake.

A. anxiousB. effectiveC. adequateD. efficient

⑤Showing some sense of humor can be a(n) _______ way to deal with some stressful situation.

A. effective B. efficient C. favorable D. favorite

⑥There is need to check the ____ of the report.

A. frequency B. accuracyC. emergency D. efficiency

⑦The town planning commission said that their financial outlook for the next year was optimistic. They expected increased tax ____.

A. efficiency B. privileges C. revenues D. validity

475. element的用法

element元素、要素、组成部分；

例句：

①Justice is an important element of good government.公正是仁政的要素.

②Honesty, industry and kindness are elements of a good life.诚实、勤劳和善良是幸福生活的要素。

③Water is composed of the elements hydrogen and oxygen.水是由氢元素和氧元素组成的。

④You must understand the elements of mathematics before we can proceed further.你必须先弄懂数学基础知识，我们才能进一步学习。 ⑤These trees are exposed to (the fury of) the elements.这些树经受着风吹雨打.

短语：reduce sth to its elements把某物分析出来；battle/ combat the elements战天斗地；a war of the elements暴风雨；the elements of grammar语法基础；in one’s element内行；out of one’s element外行；out of one's element处于不适宜的环境...;independent element独立成分;in one's element处于适宜的环境...;

用法：element作集体名词，用单数表示某种分子的集体。如：The principal said that those boys represented a disturbing element in the school.

练习：

①The two most important ________ in making a cake are flour and sugar .

A. elements B. components C. ingredients D. constituents

②In the late 19th century, Jules Verne, the master of science fiction, foresawmany of the technological wonders that are ___ today.

A. transient B. commonplaceC. implicit D. elementary

③The life of London is made up of many different _____.

A. elements B. sections C. materials D. realities

④Cells are the elements _____ the human body.

A. in B.about C. for D. of

Keys:

471. (1). ①clothing②clothes③cloth (2). CBBB