英语单项知识的讲解与练习(90)

英语单项知识的讲解与练习（90）

446. breakthrough的用法

breakthrough突破

例句：

①It is a major technological breakthrough.这是一次重要的技术突破。 ②He finally has a breakthrough in his creation.他终于在创作上有突破。 ③The scientists strive for a breakthrough in cancer research.科学家们力争在癌症研究方面有个突破。

④The medical breakthrough proves that guzzling ale is not the only reason why men develop saggy stomachs.医学上这一突破表明，男人们的啤酒肚并不完全是因为狂饮啤酒而造成的。

短语：make a breakthrough at some single point突破一点；a breakthrough point突破点；breakthroughs in medical science医学上的惊人进步；breakthrough in 在…方面的进展；achieve a breakthrough 取得进展；medical breakthrough 医学发现；

练习：

①To our joy, there are so many ___ in science and technology all over the world in recent years.

A. discovery B. breakthroughs C. findings D. invention②The old scientist has made ___ growing and researching rice.

A. a breakthrough at B. breakthrough about

C. a breakthrough forD. breakthrough at

③Scientists have made a great ___ in the treatment of cancer.

A. principle B. breakthrough C. conclusion D. introduction ④The doctors in that hospital made lots of ___ in medical science.

A.breakthrough B.break through

C.breakthroughs D.break throughs

447. breath的用法

breath呼吸、气息。

例句：

①He caught his breath in surprise.他惊奇得屏住了呼吸。

②His chest heaves with every breath.他的胸部随着呼吸而起伏。 ③It took us a few minutes to get our breath back after the race.赛跑后我们用了好几分钟才恢复了正常呼吸。

④His breath smelt suspiciously of drink.他嘴里呼出的气息好像有酒味。

⑤The delicious breath of rain was in the air.空中弥漫着清新的雨的气息。

短语：catch one’s breath 喘息、屏息；in the same breath 同时；save/ waste one’s breath 沉默、白费口舌；give up one’s breath断气；hold one’s breath （由于激动、害怕等）不出气、屏住呼吸；out of breath 上气不接下气；take a deep breath 长吸一口气、深呼吸；take breath歇一歇、喘口气；above one's breath 高声地；after a breath 喘口气后；

in a breath 一口气,立刻,异口同声地；under one's breath 悄声地；speak under one's breath 低声细语；with one's last breath 临终时；

breathe呼吸：breathe in 吸入；breathe out 呼出；breathe one’s lost断气、死掉；

用法：①breath的基本意思是“气息; 呼吸”,表示呼出或吸入之空气、气息时是不可数名词,一般不加冠词。表示“一口气,一次呼吸,微风”时是可数名词,可加不定冠词,但复数形式一般很少用。用于比喻则可表示“生命”。

②breath还可作“(一丝)痕迹,迹象”解

练习：

①When the snake is slowly crawling toward his face, he ___ his breath.

A. drew B. held C. caught D. wasted

②He finally found his dog lying in the snow but it had stopped ___.

A. breath B. to breathe C. breathing D. breathe

③I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good ___.

A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed ④The 100-mile run left Bill ___.

A. under his breath B. out of breath

C. recover his breath D. hold his breath

448. bring的用法

bring带来。

例句：

①She brought her boyfriend to the party.她带着男朋友来参加聚会。 ②Rot it! I forgot to bring my book with me.糟了!忘记带书来了。 ③Floods brought destruction to the vally.洪水给山谷造了大灾害。 ④Smoke and flames brought the neighbors.浓烟和火焰引起了邻居们的注意

⑤Indigestion may bring about this disease.消化不良可能引起这种病。短语：bring in 引来、引进（意近bring about）、吸收、收（庄稼）、增加（话题）、赚得（收入）；bring about引起、导致；bring up抚养、养育、呕吐、提出（话题）；bring down使降低、使倒下、击落；bring on促进、使产生、使成长（提高、进步）；bring back拿回、带回、使记起、使回忆；bring down 降低、使倒下（fall down 自己倒下）；bring down the house 获得全场的喝彩； bring out 出版、生产、提出、拿出、揭露、说明；bring up 教育、培养、提出、呕吐；bring somebody into touch with somebody 使某人与某人取得联系；bring something to somebody把某物带给某人；bring something with somebody 随身携带某物； bring oneself to do something做出（不该做或不好的事）；

用法：①bring最基本的意思是“将人或物带至讲话人或听话人所在之处”,是及物动词,可接表示人、物或抽象事物的名词或代词作宾语,也可接双宾语,其间接宾语可以由介词to引出,但不能用for,用for时表示“为某人带来…”。

②bring可用作使役动词,表示“促使,说服”,常跟反身代词作宾语,也可跟形容词、以不定式复合结构或介词短语充当补足语的复合宾语。 ③bring作“引起”解时,可接以现在分词、过去分词充当补足语的复合宾语。

④在表示把某人或某物带到对话双方都将去的那个地方时用bring，而不用take。

练习：

①How much has the company ___ this year?

A. brought in B. brought down C. come about D. made in ②I hear the price ___, but I doubt how long it will remain so.

A. are already gone down B. have been brought in

C. have brought downD. have been brought down

③Our school will ___ some new teachers next term as a result of increasing students.

A. bring in B. bring on C. bring into D. bring back ④His speech ___ some new points.

A. brought in B. gave in C. made in D. took in

⑤The film ___ the hours ___ to me when I was taken good care of in that far away village.

A. brought; out B. brought; away

C. drown; back D. brought; back

⑥___ your child when you come next time.

A. Bring B. Take C. Fetch D. Carry

⑦I know that gentlemen like you ___ only large notes.

A. bring B. take C. fetch D. carry

449. depressed 的用法

depressed adj.沮丧的, 降低的；

例句：

①The thought of having to take the exam again depressed me.想到还需重新考试，我就感到沮丧。

②She got depressed and began to let things slide.她情绪低落，一切都听之任之。

③He gets cheerful and depressed by turns.他的情绪高一阵低一阵。 ④Because of the depressed market, there is an overstocking of goods in the factory.由于市场不景气，工厂生产的货物占压了一仓库。 ⑤The market is rather depressed at the moment.目前市场相当萧条。短语：depressed area贫困地区；depress使沮丧；depressed inflation压抑通货膨胀；depressed road下穿路；depressed fracture凹陷骨折；depressed key按钮,按键；depressed coast沉降海岸；depressed market市场萧条；depressed arch平卧拱,低圆拱；depressed sewer倒虹式下水道；depressed collector降压收集极； depressed block沉降地块；用法：depressed常作表语，后接介词 by或 at，介词宾语指事或物。如： His mother was depressed by the sad news（意志消沉）.

练习：

①We couldn’t see much because there was only a ____ light in the room.

A. delicate B. disguised C. depressed D. dim

②For years now, the people of that faraway country have been cruelly ______ by a dictator.

A. depressedB. immersedC. oppressedD. cursed

③Their claims to damages have not been convincingly ______.

A. refuted B. overwhelmed C. depressed D. intimidated ④She was depressed _____ of her illness.

A.to learning B.to learn C.learning D.to be learned

450. dismiss 的用法

dismiss (v)解散、解雇；

例句：

①If you are late again, you will be dismissed.如果你再迟到，你将被解雇。

②Let us dismiss and return in an hour.让我们先解散,一个钟头后再回来。

③We should dismiss all thought of revenge.我们应该屏除一切报复的念头。

④The justice dismissed his evidence out of hand.法官当即驳回了他的

证据。

短语：dismiss for 因…而解雇；dismiss sb for being late 因迟到而解雇某人；dismiss sb for neglect of sb's duty 因玩忽职守而免除某人的职务；dismiss...from 使从…离开,解雇,从…除去；dismiss sb from sb's job 免职；dismiss from one's mind 从思想上打消…；dismiss sb from sb's post 撤某人的职；dismiss sb from school 开除出校；dismiss sth with a shake of one's head 摇头表示否决；

用法：①dismiss的基本意思是“不再保有或同意离开”,指自动或被迫脱离所负的责任或所任的职务。引申可作“置之不理”“不加考虑”解。

②dismiss作“解雇”解时,并不追究事情的前因后果,故双方均可接受,语气较为平和。

③dismiss用作及物动词,可接名词或代词作宾语,宾语后接介词as，动词宾语和介词宾语都指事，表示“认为??而不加考虑”。如：The tourists dismissed the Irish weather as merely wet and cold. 宾语后接for，介词宾语指事，可是名词或动名词，表示解雇的理由。如：The servant was dismissed for being lazy and dishonest. 宾语后接from，介词宾语指地位和职务，表示“解雇、免职”；介词宾语指思想，表示“打消想法”。如：If you’re late again, you’ll be dismissed from your job./ The matter was so unimportant that she dismissed it from her thought.

练习：

①We _____ the cook because her cooking was so poor.

A. dismissed B. deserted C. resigned D. withdrew

②We must _____ these trash ideas.

A. discard B. dispose C. discharge D. dismiss

③When the bell rang, people walked out of their homes and ____ on the village square.

A. assembled B. dismissed C. dissolved D. disappeared ④The little girl was so frightened that she just wouldn't _____ her grip on my arm.

A. loosenB. removeC. relieveD. dismiss

⑤What he said in the meeting _______ everybody present.

A. disgusted B.dismissed C.disposed D.eliminated

⑥Professor Smith seldom _______ the class on time.

A.dismisses B.nervous C.misleads D.regrets