动词不定式

 

动词不定式

一、动词不定式是动词的一种不受主语人称和数限制的非限定形式。 二、动词不定式的结构:+ ,

其否定形式:+

三、动词不定式在句子中可以做语、语、语、语、

语,但不能单独做谓语。

四、动词不定式保留了动词的某些特征,它可以有自己的宾语和状语,并和它们一起构不定式成不定式短语 五、具体用法

(一)不定式或不定式短语做主语

不定式(短语)做主语,英语习惯上常用来代替不定式(短语),放在前面做 主语,而把真正的主语不定式(短语)移到句子后面去,这样使句子显得比较平稳。这样的句型有 1、It takes sb some time to do sth.

eg.It took us three hours(get) there by bus. 2It is +adj +to do sth.

It is +adj +for sb+to do sth.(形容词只用来说明to do sth)

It is +adj+of sb+to do sth.(形容词即用来说明 sb又用来说明to do sth,该句型常用来赞扬某人品质好,心地善良或其它品质特征,常用的形容词有:kind,nice,good,wise,clever,polite,impolite, right,wrong,foolish,stupid,careful,careless等) eg.It is very important(learn) English well. It’s easier (read) English than to speak it.

It is difficultme to get up early without my parents’ help. It’s cleveryou to answer the questions like this. (二)不定式或不定式短语做表语

判断是否使不定式(短语)做表语的方式是将主语和表语的

位置颠倒,意思不变,其中句中的be动词常翻译成“是”

(become) a doctor. His job is(help) him with his study. (三) 不定式或不定式短语做宾语

1、有些动词只能跟不定式作宾语。可当作句型来记忆。

eg. want to do sth , agree to do sth, pretend to do sth, manage to do sth, decide to do sth, offer to do sth, learn to do sth, afford to do sth,plan to do sth,

2、有些固定用法后常跟不定式作宾语,要记住。

eg. used to do sth, happen to do sth, seem to do sth, have to do sth,go all out to do sth, try one’s best to do sth, would like to do sth, be able to do sth,

3、有些动词只能跟动名词(-doing)作宾语。

eg.enjoy doing sth, finish doing sth, avoid doing sth, mind doing sth,

practise doing sth, can’t help doing sth, missing doing sth,suggest doing sth, excuse doing sth

4、有些动词后既跟不定式又可跟动名词,但意思不同。 eg. stop doing sth 停止做某事(停止正在做的事)

stop to do sth停下来做某事(停止正在做的事去做另一件事) go on doing sth 继续做某事(同一件事)go on to do sth继续做某事 (另一件事)

need doing sth 需要做某事(表示被动关系)=need to be done need to do sth 需要做某事(表示主动关系)

forget doing sth忘记做了某事(事情已经做了) forget to do sth 忘记去做某事(事情还未做) remember doing sth 记得做了某事(事情已经做了) remember to do sth记得去做某事(事情还未做)

5、在介词后面常跟动名词做宾语,一般不跟不定式,注意一些常用

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