高中英语语法复习--动词不定式的用法

 

动词不定式专题复习

动词不定式的形式:

动词不定式的用法

1. 不定式作主语

⑴原则上,可用动词不定式直接作句子的主语,通常用it作句子的形式主语,而把不定式移到后面,形成“It + 谓语? + 动词不定式?”的句型。如:

To catch the 5:00 bus early in the morning is not a good idea.

It is not a good idea to catch the 5:00 bus early in the morning.

To learn a foreign language well takes painstaking efforts.

It takes painstaking efforts to learn a foreign language well.

⑵若要说明不定式的动作的执行者,可以在不定式前面加上“for + 名词或代词”结构,或是“of + 名词或代词”结构。

It is a great pleasure for me to talk with him. It is very kind of you to help me .

⑶可用于“of + 名词/代词 + 动词不定式”结构中作主语补足语的形容词是指那些可以表示人或事物的性质或品质的好坏的形容词。这些词如:careful, cruel, foolish, bold, brave, good, honest, kind, rude, polite, nice,stupid, selfish, silly, wicked, wise, thoughtful, wrong等。

2. 不定式作宾语

不定式作宾语有两种情况:一是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式,二是“动词+疑问词+带to的不定式”。 ⑴“动词+带to的不定式”结构:常见的以不定式作宾语的动词有afford, appear, agree, ask, believe, decide, demand, desire, fail, hope, intend,learn, mean, offer, promise,refuse, wish等。如:I can‘t afford to buy a house.

⑵“动词+疑问代(副)词+不定式”结构:常见的这类动词有advise, decide, forget, know, learn, remember, see, tell, think, teach, wonder,discover, understand, guess, explain等。这类疑问代(副)词what, when, which, where, how, whether等(不包含why)。如:

She does not know how to go there. He will tell you how to deal with it.

⑶在不定式作宾语时,有时我们会使用it作形式宾语,而把不定式放到后面。如:

They consider it inappropriate to have classes in the evening.

(4)可以作形容词的宾语。这一类形容词有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious等。例如:

I”m determined to give up smoking.

He is willing to help us.

(5)在tell, advise, allow, forbid, learn, show, decide等词的后面常用“连接词+不定式”作宾语。例如:

We must decide whether to go or stay.

I don”t know how to get in touch with him.

3. 不定式作表语

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