2017高考英语热点题型和提分秘籍共13专题

 

2017年高考英语热点题型和提分秘籍

目录

专题01 名词和冠词 ............................................................. 2

专题02 代词 ......................................................................... 11

专题03 形容词和副词 ....................................................... 19

专题04 连词与介词 ........................................................... 25

专题05 动词和动词短语 .................................................. 37

专题06 非谓语动词 ........................................................... 47

专题07 动词的时态与语态 ............................................. 54

专题08 虚拟语气与情态动词 ......................................... 61

专题09 名词性从句 ........................................................... 68

专题10 状语从句 ................................................................ 73

专题11 定语从句 ................................................................ 78

专题12 特殊句式 ................................................................ 85

专题13 交际用语 ................................................................ 92

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专题01 名词和冠词

【高频考点解读】

近几年高考单项填空中单独考查名词的题目相对较少,多与冠词一起进行考查,但完形填空中对名词的考查一直是重点,且考查范围较广。其命题趋势仍将是:

在不同语言环境中去识别词义,进行词义辨析,是高考考查的重点。因此,考生不仅要弄清词义,而且也要把握好语言环境,在单项填空、完形填空中这类试题会继续出现。建议考生在复习中注意名词的词义辨析。 冠词是历年高考英语试题中的常考点。主要考查在理解冠词基本含义的基础上,在具体语境下的冠词的运用,主要包括定冠词和不定冠词的用法区别,名词前不用冠词的情况,特指与泛指以及习语中的冠词用法。

【热点题型】

热点题型一 名词的数

例1、Games, often seen as________activity for children, are still important in________development of teenagers.

A、the; the B、an; the C、an; 不填 D、the; 不填

【提分秘籍】

名词分为可数名词与不可数名词。

1.可数名词的复数

(1)可数名词变复数一般都是直接加-s;词尾若是s,x,ch,sh,在词尾加-es

desk→desks;dish→dishes stomach的复数形式是stomachs

(2)以”辅音字母+y”结尾的词,要变y为i再加-es

study→studies

(3)以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为-ves

leaf→leaves

(4)以字母o结尾的名词,多数加-s

piano→pianos

(5)单、复数同形

sheep;deer

(6)单、复数都要加s的名词

works(工厂);means(方法)

有一些例外情况:

(1)巧记以o结尾加-es的名词:黑人英雄吃西红柿和马铃薯。(即Negro,hero,tomato和potato四个词)

(2)巧记以f或fe结尾的名词在变复数时直接加-s:海湾(gulf)里的首领(chief)只相信(belief)放在屋顶(roof)保险箱(safe)里的证据(proof)。

2.不可数名词一般没有复数形式,如果需要表示量,通常要用“a+表量的概念的名词+of+名词”来表示,其中的表量的概念的名词可以根据需要用复数形式

a piece of paper一张纸;several pieces of information几条信息。

通常情况下,抽象名词和物质名词都是不可数名词,如comfort,luck,rain,energy等。

3.一些不可数名词也有复数形式,但词义不同

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4.抽象名词、物质名词具体化 (1)英语中有一类名词在表示泛指意义时,它是一种概念,是不可数名词,但当它们被赋予了具体的含义后,可看作可数名词,一般与不定冠词连用,含有”一个(件、次)……的人或事”。如:

beauty(美,美貌)→a beauty(一个美人或一件美物)

danger(危险)→a danger(一件危险的事或一个危险的人)

failure(失败)→a failure(一件失败的事或一个失败的人)

honour(光荣)→an honour(一个带来荣誉的人或一件带来荣誉的事)

must(必须)→a must(一件必要的事或物)

worry(担心)→a worry(一件令人担心的事或一个令人担忧的人)

pity(遗憾)→a pity(一件可惜的事)

service(服务)→a service(一个服务机构)

smoke(烟)→a smoke(一缕烟)

surprise(惊奇)→a surprise(一件令人吃惊的事)

pleasure(乐趣)→a pleasure(一件有趣的事)

experience(经验)→an experience(一次经历)

(2)物质名词在表示构成物体的基本要素时,是不可数名词,但一旦表示具体物品,就变成了可数名词。如: coffee(咖啡)→a coffee(一杯咖啡)

sand(沙子)→a sand(一片沙滩)

iron(铁)→an iron(一个熨斗)

water(水)→a water(一片水域)

抽象名词有时还可用复数形式。如:comfort(安慰)→comforts(舒适的设施);joy(乐趣)→joys(乐事);difficulty(困难)→difficulties(困难,难做的事)。

还有的用在某些固定短语中,如:have a look(看一下);a few,a little(一些);all of a sudden(突然);make a study of…(对……进行研究);in a hurry(匆忙)等。

5.有些可数名词抽象为“某一概念”时,便转化为不可数名词

a room(房间)→room(空间);a word(话,词)→word(消息);a space(空地)→space(宇宙,空间);go to school/church/bed/ college,etc(去上学/做礼拜/上床睡觉/上大学等)。

6.有些词只用作不可数名词

Fun, advice, news, information, furniture,equipment,baggage/luggage,bread, homework,housework,juice,weather,progress,practice等。

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7.常见复合名词的复数

looker-on→lookers-on旁观者;passer-by→passers-by过路人;

father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父;comrade-in-arms→ comrades-in-arms战友;go-between→go-betweens中间人;grown-up→grown-ups成年人;store-keeper→store-keepers店主;tooth-brush→tooth-brushes牙刷。

8.英语中集合名词的”数”有三种情况

(1)“形单义复”的名词:这类集合名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。如:cattle牛;police警察;people人们(作民族、种族讲时复数为peoples);youth青年人(youths指青年们)。

(2)“形单义单”的名词:这类集合名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如:baggage/luggage行李;clothing衣服;furniture家具;machinery机械;man/mankind人类。

(3)有些集合名词作整体看时,当单数用,谓语动词用单数;作其“成员”解时,当复数用,且形式不变,谓语动词用复数。如:family家;government政府;group组;team队;class班级;audience听众。

【举一反三】

She studied________medicine before she became________writer.

A、the; the B、the;a C、/; a D、/; the

题型二 名词作定语

例2. She likes to eat ________ and she has a nice ________ garden in front of her house.

A、vegetables; vegetables C、vegetables; vegetable B、vegetable; vegetable D、vegetable; vegetables

【提分秘籍】 名词作定语时的问题

1.名词作定语时,几乎总是用单数形式(即使在意义上是复数)。如:radio programs电台节目。

2.man/woman作定语修饰名词时,随名词的单复数变化一起变化。如:a man doctor一名男大夫;two men doctors两名男大夫。但girl与boy作定语仍用单数形式,如many boy students许多男学生。

3.还有少数名词作定语时,形式不变。如:a clothes shop一个服装店;a sports man一位运动员;a customs officer一位海关官员;a goods train一列货车;a sales manager一个营销经理;a savings office一个储蓄所。 热点题型三 名词的所有格

例3、—Pardon? Who will come?

—________.

A、The friend of Mr. Green’s C、The aunt of Tom’s B、A friend of a teacher’s D、A cousin of my father’s

【提分秘籍】英语名词的所有格构成如下:

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所修饰的名词为“诊所、住宅或其他处所”时,被修饰的名词常省略。如:at the doctor’s(clinic)在诊所;to my uncle’s (house)到我叔叔家;in the manager’s(office)在经理办公室;at the barber’s/tailor’s(shop)在理发店/裁缝铺。

另外,表示并列的名词“共有某物”时,只在最后一个名词后加“‘s”;如果表示“各自所有”,则在每个名词后加’s。如:

Lucy and Mary’s desk露西和玛丽共用的课桌;Lucy’s and Mary’s desks露西和玛丽各自的课桌。

热点题型四 名词辨析

例4、Teachers have to constantly up- date their knowledge in order to maintain their professional ________.

A、consequence B、independence C、competence D、intelligence

【提分秘籍】

在新的教学理念下,我们强调语言的运用(在运用中学习、在运用中掌握、在运用中提高),因此名词在具体语境下的运用、辨析便成为我们复习考试的重点。我们平时在阅读中必须认真体会,在运用中领悟词义,体会它们在不同语境下的细微区别。对名词辨析的考查主要是词义辨析、同义词和近义词语义的细微区别以及在固定搭配中的用法辨析。

【举一反三】

One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living________.

A、bills B、expenses C、prices D、charges

热点题型五 不定冠词的用法

My friend Mary is___ _____beautiful girl, ________girl everyone likes to work with.

A、a; a B、a; the C、the; a D、the; the

【提分秘籍】

1.指人或事物的某一类,这是不定冠词的基本用法

A car rans faster than a truck.小汽车比卡车跑得快。

2.表示数量“一个”,但一般不能与one互换

Rome was not built in a day.罗马不是一天建起来的。

3.指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物

A Mr. Li is waiting for you outside.一位李先生在外面等你。(不知道那位李先生是谁)

4.用于表示次数、速度、价格等意义的名词前,表示“每一”

①He goes home to see his parents once a month.他每月回家一次去看父母。

②He can earn five yuan an hour in the shop.他在这家商店每小时挣五元钱。

5.表示三餐的名词前有形容词修饰时,用不定冠词

①I only want a small supper because of cold.由于感冒晚饭我只想吃一点东西。

②People usually have quite a good dinner on festivals.人们在过节时通常会吃一顿丰盛的大餐。

6.有时在序数词前加不定冠词,表示“再次”“又一个”

①She invited him to come to the party a second time.

她再次邀请他来参加聚会。

②Then a third boy came to join us.接着又一个孩子加入到我们的行列。

7.有些物质名词以及抽象名词具体化时,可用不定冠词

a paper一份报纸;a tea一杯茶;a beauty一个美人;a surprise一件意想不到的事;a pity一件遗憾的事;an honour一个(件)光荣的人(事)

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8.不定冠词还可以用于“a most+adj.+n.”结构,注意在句中没有表示可比较的范围状语,这时“most”相当于“very” Xiamen is a most beautiful coastal city and I’ll come for a second time.

厦门是个非常美丽的海滨城市,我还要再来一次。

9.不定冠词还可以用于“a+比较级+名词”结构,与否定词连用时,表示“从来没有比这更……”,具有最高级含义

I have never spent a more worrying day.我从未度过这样烦人的一天。

10.用于短语搭配中

(1)“have/take+a(n)+与动词同形的名词”,表示动作的一次。

have/take a rest休息一会儿;have/take a look看一下;have/take a bath洗个澡。

(2)“go out for a(n)+名词”,表示从事某项活动。

go out for an outing去郊游;go out for a picnic去野餐。

(3)习惯搭配中。

come to an end结束;drop sb. a line给某人写信;at a disadvantage处于不利地位;in a way从一方面说;in a word总之;in a sense就某种意义来说;on a diet吃特定食物;with a view to为了,鉴于。

【举一反三】

(2015·高考浙江卷,T2)Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write ________ children’s book for many years,but one thing or another always got in ________ way.

A、a;不填 B、the;the C、不填;the D、a;the

热点题型六 定冠词的用法

Daegu on Monday night sees ________first Championship clash of hurdling’s current big three—Robles, Liu Xiang and________2011’s fastest man David Oliver of USA.

A、the; a B、a; a C、/;the D、the;/

【提分秘籍】

1.特指某(些)人或某(些)事物,这是定冠词的基本用法

①The books on the desk were published last month.桌子上的那些书是上个月出版的。

②The factory I mentioned has installed a new assembly line.我提到的那家工厂已经安装了一条新的装配线。 ③We were all lost in the beauty of nature.我们都被大自然的美所陶醉。

2.再次提到前面已出现的人或事物,表示特指

①I met a friend in the street;he said he had been seriously ill.我在街上遇见了一位朋友,他说他生过一场大病。 ②He told us a story,but I was not interested in the story.他给我们讲了一个故事,但我对这个故事不感兴趣。

3.指谈话双方彼此都知道的人或事物

We went to the station to see the manager off.我们到车站为经理送行。

4.用在某些可数名词单数前,用来指事物的整体(总称)与其他事物的区别

①The telephone was invented by Bell.电话是贝尔发明的。

②The elephant is much stronger than the horse.象比马强壮得多。

5.用在表示某国人的名词前

the Chinese中国人;the French法国人;the English英国人;the Spanish西班牙人;the Dutch荷兰人;the Irish爱尔兰人;the Swiss瑞士人;the Japanese日本人。

6.某些形容词或分词前加定冠词the表示一类人(表示复数)

the homeless无家可归的人;the rich富人;the poor穷人;the blind盲人;the old老年人;the young年轻人;the

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strong强者;the weak弱者;the sick病人;the wounded伤者。

7.在序数词前要加定冠词the(有时在序数词前加不定冠词,表示“再次”“又一”)

She lives on the twelfth floor.她住在十二楼。

8.在形容词最高级及形容词only(唯一的),very(正是那个),same(同样的)等前加定冠词the

①This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.这是我看过的最有趣的电影。

②He must be the only student who has ever been to the city in our class.

他一定是我们班唯一去过那座城市的同学。

③That’s the very thing I’ve been looking for.那正是我要找的东西。

9.在表示一些独一无二的东西的名词前要用定冠词the

the earth地球;the moon月亮;the sun太阳;the sky天空;the universe宇宙;the world世界;the air空中;the ground地面。

10.用于时间、重量等单位名词之前,表示每一个单位

①The boat is hired by the hour.小船按小时出租。

②There are two or three apples to the pound.每磅有两三个苹果。

11.在表示方位、方向的名词前用定冠词the

in the east/south/west/north在东/南/西/北方;on the right/left在右/左边。

12.在表江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠、海峡、海湾等专有名词前,要用定冠词the

the Yellow River黄河;the Rhine莱茵河;the Pacific太平洋;the Red Sea红海;the Himalayas喜马拉雅山脉;the British Isles不列颠群岛;the Taiwan Strait台湾海峡;the Sahara Desert撒哈拉沙漠。

13.用在逢“十”的数词前,指世纪的某个年代

in the 1980s/1980’s在20世纪80年代。

14.乐器名称前用定冠词the

She plays the piano best in her class.她钢琴在班上弹得最好。

15.在姓氏的复数形式前加定冠词the表示“……一家”

the Browns布朗一家;the Lis姓李的一家。

16.在“动词+sb.+介词+the+表身体部位的名词”的固定结构中

hit sb. in the face打某人的脸;take sb. by the arm/hand抓住某人的胳膊/手;pat sb. on the shoulder拍某人的肩;hit sb. on the head打某人的头。

本结构中不能用物主代词替代定冠词,常用于该结构的动词有pat,strike,beat,hit,catch,put,take等。

17.在短语搭配中

in the end最后;come to the point谈到正题;on the contrary相反;in the morning在早晨;in the distance在远处;in the water在水中;on the subject of关于……的主题;on the air在广播。

【举一反三】

(2015·高考重庆卷,T3)I just heard ______ bank where Dora works was robbed by ________ gunman wearing a mask.

A、the;/ B、a;/ C、the;a D、a;the

热点题型七 不用冠词的情况

Students should be encouraged to use________ Internet as ________ resource.

A、不填; a B、不填; the C、the; the

【提分秘籍】

1.可数名词复数表示泛指时,以及抽象名词和物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不用冠词

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D、the; a

①Computers are very useful.电脑是非常有用的。

②Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。

③Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。

2.三餐、球类运动、娱乐名称、节日、星期、月份和日期前一般不用冠词,表季节的名词前用不用the意思没有区别

①play football/basketball/volleyball踢足球/打篮球/打排球;play chess/cards下棋/打牌;New Year’s Day元旦(“the Spring Festival春节”例外)。

②He had nothing for breakfast this morning.他今天早上没有吃早饭。

③Spring comes after winter.冬去春来。

有时在星期、月份和日期前加不定冠词,表示一种泛指。如:on a Monday在一个礼拜一;a very wet April一个雨水很多的四月。

3.在学科、语言、称呼语、大部分疾病名称或表头衔的名词(作表语、同位语、补足语)前,不用冠词 ①I think physics is more interesting than maths.我认为物理比数学有趣。

②What’s the matter,Granny?奶奶,出什么事了吗?

③Cancer is a terrible disease.癌症是一种可怕的疾病。

【特别提醒】

(1)表语言的名词后如有language或特指时要用the。如:

the Chinese language;the English language。

(2)下面的表疾病的名词前可有冠词:flu;smallpox;cold;fever;headache;cough等。

4.在turn(作“变成”解)后作表语的名词前,不用冠词

He has turned doctor.他已是名医生了。

5.在as,though引导的倒装分句中,名词前不用冠词

Child as/though Tom is,you can’t fool him.虽然汤姆是个孩子,但你不能欺骗他。

6.在专有名词(洲名、人名、城市名、街道名、港口名、航空站名、火车站名、公园名、机关名及院校名)之前,一般不用冠词Asia亚洲;Mary玛丽;Shanghai上海;Wall Street华尔街;Pearl Harbor珍珠港;Beihai Park北海公园;Beijing University北京大学。

7.在一些固定短语中,名词前不用冠词

at night在夜里;at home在家;day after day日复一日;by telephone打电话;in danger在危险中;on purpose故意地。

【举一反三】

France is a main destination for U.S.travelers,________second only to the United Kingdom,

according to________Commerce Department report.

A、不填;a B、不填;the C、a;a D、the;the

【高考风向标】

【2016·江苏】24.—Can you tell us your ______for happiness and a long life?

—Living every day to the full, definitely.

A、recipe B、record

A、effect B、sense C、range C、change D、receipt D、chance 【2016·天津】10. The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _____ of rain later tonight.

【2016·浙江】4. It is important to pay your electricity bill on time , as late payments may affect your ______.

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A、condition A、The ; 不填 A、emotion A、thought

B、income B、A ; 不填 B、talent B、support

C、credit C、A ; the C、identity C、protection

D、status D、The ; a D、treasure

D、authority

【2016·浙江】2.______prize for the winner of the competition is ______two-week holiday in Paris. 【2015·湖北】22.He gave himself a new name to hide his ____ when he went to carry out the secret task. 【2015·安徽】30.There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some ______ and then let me know. 【2015·江苏】35.—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.

—I’d like to, but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my ______ . A、requests B、excuses C、apologies

A、judgments A、blow A、production A、a

B、adjustments B、issue B、stress B、an

C、comments C、excuse C、energy C、the

D、regrets D、achievements D、Factor D、passive D、不填

【2015·江苏】32.Some schools will have to make ______ in agreement with the national soccer reform.

【2015·福建】24.The failure was a big__________to him, but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever. 【2015·浙江】15. One of the most effective ways to reduce _______ is to talk about feeling with someone you trust. 【2015·四川】5.Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be________Beethoven.

【2015·浙江】2. Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write_________children’s book for many years, but one thing or another always got in _________ way. A、a;不填 B、the;the

A、a; the A、an; the A、a; the

B、the; the B、the; a B、the; 不填

C、不填;the C、the; a C、the ;/ C、a; a

D、a;the D、a; a D、/ ; a D、不填;the

(2014江西卷)22. They chose Tom to be ___captain of the team because they knew he was __smart leader. (2014天津卷)8. Life the like ________ ocean; Only ________strong-willed can reach the other shore.

(2014浙江卷 )2. The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days ______ week, often long into______night. (2014湖北卷)22. When Richard said, “You are much more agreeable and prettier now,” Joan’s face turned red at the unexpected ______. A、command year's election. A、symbol

A、source A、attempts

B、comparison

C、compliment

D、contribution

(2014江苏卷)27. She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful______in last

B、portrait B、sense B、requests

C、identity C、result C、doubts

D、statue D、root D、promises

(2014天津卷)3.Wind is now the world’s fastest growing ________ of power.

(2014浙江卷 )6. We most prefer to say yes to the ______ of someone we know and like.

【高考冲刺】

【 】1、Tom,a shy boy,who lacks________confidence,doesn’t get________attention he deserves.

A、the;the

B、/;the

C、the;/

D、/;/

【 】2、University is ________ most worthwhile time of discovery and learning,and it is also ________ very enjoyable and valuable experience for every one of us. A、a;a B、the;/

C、/;a

D、a;the

【 】3、Sometimes it’s a bit challenging to reach a ________ between parents’ expectations and their kids’ desires.

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A、commitment B、comprehension C、cooperation D、compromise

【 】4、It’s ________ great news for the driver that running a yellow light no longer results in ________ 6-point punishment. A、/;the

A、a;/

B、/;a B、a;a

C、a;the C、the;a

D、a;a D、/;/

【 】5、Jogging every morning is ________ good habit.Stick to it,and you’ll make ________ great progress. 【 】6、If their disagreement comes to ________ head,you will be faced with ________ unimaginable challenge. A、/;the

A、affair A、behalf A、use A、purpose

B、a;an B、problem B、part B、good B、apologies

C、a;the C、variety C、business C、difference C、gratitude

D、the;an D、matter D、interest D、result D、sympathy

【 】7、I can’t say which type of tea tastes better.It’s just a(n) ________ of personal preference. 【 】8、In his absence,I would like to thank all concerned on my brother’s ________. 【 】9、It was a difficult job for him.He had tried everything but it made little ________.

【 】10、The patient’s family has expressed their ________ to the press in letters for the money raised. 【 】11、Finding information in today’s world is easy.The ________ is how you can tell whether the information you get is useful or not. A、knowledge

A、interest

B、ability B、attention

C、competition C、notice

D、challenge D、mind

【 】12、They organized some activities to call ________ to the living conditions of the disabled.

【 】13、He was faced with the ________of whether or not to return to his country after he got the doctor’s degree in America. A、situation B、circumstance C、environment D、dilemma 【 】14、We all sighed with ________relief when ________plane finally landed safely.

A、a;/

B、/;the

C、a;a

D、a;the

【 】15、Drivers using mobile phones on________ road are more likely to have________ accidents,a science report said recently. A、a;the

B、/;/

C、the;/

D、/;the

【 】16、—What does PM 2.5 mean?

—It’s a professional ________ indicating the condition of air pollution. A、term B、item C、number system in ________ country’s crowded urban areas. A、A;/ B、The;/

A、the;/

B、the;a

D、mark

【 】17、________ Chinese government has decided to introduce more measures to improve the public transport

C、The;a C、/;a

D、The;the D、/;/

【 】18、The teacher praised me for________ progress I’d made,which was________ great encouragement to me. 【 】19、—What do you think we should do when________ earthquake happens? —In my opinion,go to________ open space away from buildings or trees. A、an;an B、the;an C、an;the culture. A、way

D、the;the

【 】20、Mo Yan,a most widely-read writer,takes a complete new________ to describing China’s rural and folk

B、approach

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C、passage D、entry

专题02 代词

【高频考点解读】

在句中用来代替名词、名词短语或句子的词称为代词。代词可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。近3年来,高考重点考查不定代词,所考题量占所考代词总量的50%左右,其次是it的用法和替代词。试题的设计注重语境设置,要求考生将句子意思和句子结构联系起来选出正确的代词。因此,做题时要在熟练掌握各类代词基本用法的基础上,特别注意句意和句子结构的结合,只靠死背语法是很难奏效的。

【热点题型】

热点题型一 人称代词

例1、 Surprisingly, Susan’s beautiful hair reached below her knees and made________almost an overcoat for her.

A、them B、her C、itself D、herself

【提分秘籍】

一般地说人称代词作主语用其主格;作宾语用其宾格;作定语用其形容词性物主代词;用名词性物主代词以代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”。但口语中,在无动词的句子里,往往用代词的宾格形式。

1.用于无谓语的句子中

—Does any of you know why Jack hasn’t come yet?你们有谁知道杰克怎么还没有到?

—Me.我。

答语如果带谓语,就得用主格,如:I can.和I do,too./So do I.

2.表示惊奇、猜疑、反问、不满、厌烦等情绪

①—Do you have good eyesight,young man?年轻人,你的视力好吗?

—Me? I can see a sparrow two hundred paces away.我?我能看见一只两百步外的云雀。

②What? Me fight a big chap like him? Not me!

什么?我同像他那样的大个子打架?不会是我!

3.代替as,than等连词之后的主格(多用于口语中,尤其用于句末)

①I’m not as tall as him (he).我没有他个子高。

②She is much more careful than me (I).她比我细心得多。

当这类人称代词带有all,both等同位语时,用宾格的形式就更为常见了。如:

He works harder than us all.他比我们所有人学习都刻苦。

人称代词的格易错的几种情况:

(1)那边的那座房子是属于我的。

The house over there belongs to me.(这里学生易受汉语“我的”影响而误用mine。)

(2)这个秘密只有你和我知道。

The secret can be kept between you and me.(学生易受其前的you的影响而误用I。)

(3)在闲暇之余我坚持自修英语。

I insist on teaching myself English in my spare time.(学生易把宾语位置上的myself误用成me。) 热点题型二 指示代词

例2、The cruelty of the terrorists towards foreigners and________of the terrorists towards New York ten years ago filled everyone with horror.

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A、those B、one C、that D、it

【提分秘籍】

1.this/these,that/those

this,these指代下面要说的内容;that,those指代上面陈述过的内容。如:

①What I’d like to say about how to improve our spoken English is like this.

关于如何提高我们的英语口语,我想说的如下。

②That’s all. Thank you.我的话完了。谢谢。(多用于演讲、口头通知的结束语)

③Salaries are higher here than those in my hometown.这里的薪水比我家乡的高。

2.一些习惯说法中this和that的用法比较固定

①Who’s that?你是谁?(打电话用语)

②This is Mary.我是Mary。(打电话用语)

③That’s all right/OK.不用谢。(对感谢的答语)

④That’s nothing.没什么。(对道歉的答语)

⑤That’s that.就这么定了。(表示决定不能更改)

⑥That’s all.就这些了。

⑦That is...那就是……

3.this,that有时可以用作副词,意为“这么,那么”,用在形容词或副词前作状语,表示程度

It isn’t all that cold.还没冷到那个程度。

【举一反三】

________is the power of TV that it can make a person suddenly famous.

A、Such B、This C、That D、So

热点题型三 不定代词

例3. I wish I could offer you some cake but there’s ________ left.

A、nothing B、none C、nobody D、no one

【提分秘籍】

几组易混不定代词:

1.some类不定代词与any类不定代词

(1)some类不定代词多用于肯定句中;any类的多用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。如:

Raise your hands if you have any questions.如果你们有问题,请举手。

(2)但在表示客气的请求或不表示怀疑或希望对方给予肯定回答的疑问句中,要用some类的不定代词。如: Would you like something to drink?你要喝点什么吗?

(3)any类的不定代词用在肯定句中,表示“任何(一个);任何事情;无论什么”。如:

She promised that she could do anything for you.她许诺能为你做任何事情。

2. all, both, neither, none

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(1)all指三者或三者以上“都”,both指两者“都”。如:

①Both (of) his hands were wounded.他的两只手都受伤了。

②All (of) his fingers were wounded.他的手指都受伤了。(多于两个手指)

(2)neither表示“两个都不”,常和of连用,放在带有冠词、物主代词或指示代词的复数名词之前,作主语时,谓语动词可以用单数或复数;none表示三个或三个以上“都不”,可用于人,也可用于物,后可接of短语,与复数名词、代词或单数集合名词连用作主语,指人时,谓语动词用单、复数皆可;指物时,只用第三人称单数形式。如:

①Neither of the twins is/are correct.那两个双胞胎都不正确。

②None of us has/have ever been to the Great Wall.我们没有人去过长城。

3. any, either, each, every

(1)any一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件句。用在肯定句中,以加强语气,表示“任一”的概念;也可以用来修饰可数名词单数,表示三者或三者以上中的“任何一个”。如:

He has a better knowledge of physics than any one of us.他掌握的物理知识比我们任何一个的都好。

以any开头的句子不可以用not来表示否定。如“Any child can’t do that.”应改为:No child can do that.

(2)either作代词,表示两者中的任何一个。如:

I’m afraid that either of them will not agree to this arrangement.我担心他们两人中有一个会不同意这样的安排。

(3)each指两个或两个以上的人或物中的“每个”,侧重指个体,each作代词时常与of短语连用;every指三个或三个以上的人或物中的“每个”,有“所有,无一例外”的含义,相当于all,不能用作代词。试比较:

①Each of us has his own likes and dislikes.我们各有各的好恶。

②We want every child to succeed.

我们希望每个孩子都成功。

4. no,none, nothing, nobody

(1)no不能单独使用,相当于not a(any)或not at all,作定语修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如:

You have no sympathy for the sufferings of others.你对别人的痛苦没有同情心。

(2)none既可以指人,也可以指物,侧重指三者或三者以上的人或物,用于回答how many/much引导的疑问句,可与介词of连用。如:

①None of the books is suitable for the young.这些书没有一本适合年轻人读。

②—How many people are there in the room?屋内有多少人?

—None.没人。

(3)nobody指人,用于回答who引导的疑问句;nothing指物,用于回答what引导的疑问句。如:

①—Who is in the room?谁在屋内?

—Nobody.没有人。

②Nothing is too difficult if you put your heart into it.世上无难事,只怕有心人。

(3)nobody指人,用于回答who引导的疑问句;nothing指物,用于回答what引导的疑问句。如:

①—Who is in the room?谁在屋内?

—Nobody.没有人。

②Nothing is too difficult if you put your heart into it.世上无难事,只怕有心人。

(2)one与that都可用来代替上文中出现的名词,one前要用定冠词the,有时that和the one可互换使用。如: The book isn’t so interesting as the one/that you borrowed.这本书不如你借的那本有趣。

(3)但that和one在多数情况下是不能互换的,主要区别在于:that既可代替可数名词,也可代替不可数名词,

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常要求有后置定语,一般不指人,复数形式为those。one只能代替可数名词单数,复数形式为ones。当可数名词前有形容词修饰时,只能用one,不用that。当of短语作可数名词的后置定语时,用that,不用one。如: ①The best cigarettes are those from Yunnan.最好的香烟是那些来自云南的。

②The boy told me his story and that of the girl next door.这位男孩跟我讲了他以及隔壁女孩的故事。

③Your coat is blue, and my new one is green.你的大衣是蓝色的,我的新大衣是绿色的。

(4)the ones用来代替上文提到的特指的复数名词,有时可以用those代替,尤其在有后置定语的情况下。如: The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk.桌上的那些书比桌下的书好。

6.another, other, others, more

(1)another既可以单独使用,也可以用于单数名词前,泛指三者或三者以上中的“另外某一个人或物”。还可以用“another+数量词+复数名词”,表示“再,又”。如:

①Was there another way out?还有别的路可以出去吗?

②We’d better wait another five minutes.我们最好再等五分钟。

表示“另外一个学生”只能用another student,不能说成another one student。

(2)other不能单独使用,应用于复数名词前,表示另外的某些人或物,也可以用在some,any,no之后,或具体数词之后,再接名词,构成“不定代词或具体数词+other+名词”;接单数名词,还可以用在冠词the后,特指两个人或物中的另外一个(可以省略为the other),或特指另外的某些人或物(可以省略为the others),others泛指“其他的(事物),别人”。如:

①One remained and the other went away.一个留下了,另一个走了。

②We should learn to treat others as equals.我们应该学会平等待人。

注意在固定结构中的理解。another day改天;the other day几天前。

(3)more既可修饰可数名词,又可修饰不可数名词。一般放在some,any,much,many等不定代词及具体数词之后,构成“不定代词或具体数词+more+名词”。如:

We need a few more.我们还需要几个。

如果后面没有名词,我们一般使用“不定代词或具体数词+others”或“不定代词或具体数词+more”。

7.something,anything,everything,nothing

(1)something一般用于肯定句中,也可以用于表示邀请、征询意见的委婉问句中。如:

Could you do something for me?请为我做点事好吗?

(2)anything用在否定句、疑问句或条件句中。如:

There isn’t anything inside.里面什么也没有。

(3)everything意为“一切事物”,可用于肯定句或疑问句中。用于否定句时,表示部分否定,全部否定要用nothing或not anything。如:

①I hope everything goes well.我希望一切顺利。

②Money isn’t everything.金钱并非是万能的。

(4)nothing表示“什么也没有”,常用于陈述句,表示否定意义,不能与否定词连用。如:

He said nothing when he heard the news.他听到这个消息时,什么都没有说。

(1)somebody/someone,anybody/anyone,everybody/ everyone,nobody/no one的用法同上。

(2)复合不定代词作主语时谓语动词用单数;被形容词或其他的定语修饰时,定语要后置。

【举一反三】

—We have two seats free here. Which one would you like?

—________! My mother is coming to see the film with me.

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