湖南省长沙市2016高考英语阅读理解一轮精选练习（4）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。
America is growing older. Fifty years ago, only 4 out of every 100 people in the United States were 65 or older. Today, 10 out of every 100 Americans are over 65. The aging of the population will affect American society in many ways — education, medicine, andbusiness. Quietly, the aging of America has made us a very different society — one in which people have a quite different idea of what kind of behavior is suitable at various ages.
A person’s age no longer tells you anything about his/ her social position, marriage or health. There’s no longer a particular year in which one goes to school or goes to work or gets married or starts a family. The social clock that kept us on time and told us when to go to school, get a job, or stop working isn’t as strong as it used to be. It doesn’t surprise us to hear of a 29-year-old university president or a 35-year-old grandmother, or a 70-year-old man who has become a father for the first time. Public ideas are changing.
Many people say, “I am much younger than my mother or my father was at my age.” No one says “Act your age” any more. We’ve stopped looking with surprise at older people who act in youthful ways.
1. It can be learned from the text that the aging of the population in America ________.
A. has made people feel youngerB. has changed people’s social position
C. has changed people’s understanding of ageD. has slowed down the country’s social development
2. The underlined word “one” refers to ________.
A. a society B. AmericaC. a placeD. population
3. “Act your age” means people should ________.
A. be active when they are oldB. do the right thing at the right age
C. show respect to their parents young or oldD. take more physical exercises suitable to their age
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4. If a’ 25-year-old man becomes general manager of a big firm, the writer of the text would most probably consider it _________.
A. normal B. wonderful C. unbelievable D. unreasonable
1. C 主旨题。根据第一、二段的最后一句及第三段可判断。
2. A 细节题。one是a society的同位语且后面跟了一个定语从句，可以通过分析句子结构得出正确答案。
3. B 细节题。全文最后一句话给出了提示。
4. A 推理题。可仔细阅读第二段中倒数第二句话。
【阅读理解】 Below is a selection about some Guinness(吉尼斯) World Records.
Top 6 Unusual Guinness World Records
◆Fastest 100 m running on all fours
The 2008 Guinness World Records Day was, according to GWR，their biggest day of record-breaking ever, with more than 290,000 people taking part in record attempts in 15 different countries. Kenichi Ito's record attempt was part of this special day. He is just another example of Japanese with “super powers”. His “super power” is to run with great speed on all fours. Kenichi Ito ran 100 m on all fours in 18.58 seconds. The Japanese set this record at Setagaya Kuritsu Sogo Undojyo, Tokyo, in 2008.
◆Most people inside a soap bubble◆Longest ears on a dog◆Most living generations Did you ever wonder what is the Guinness World Record for most living generations in one family? Seven is the answer.
The ultimate authority on record-breaking mentions on the website that the youngest great-great-great-great grandparent of this family was Augusta Bung “aged 109 years 97 days, followed by her daughter aged 89, her granddaughter aged 70, her great grand-daughter aged 52, her great-great grand-daughter aged 33 and her
great-great-great granddaughter aged 15 on the birth of her great-great-great-great grandson on January 21, 1989”．
◆Most T-shirts worn at once◆Heaviest pumpkin
1．Why is Kenichi Ito described as a man with a “super power”？
A．He set a good example to all Japanese.
B．He made record attempts in 15 different countries.
C．He set a new record for “Fastest 100 m running on all fours”．
D．He participated in the 2008 Guinness World Records Day activities.
2．Jeffries is the name of ________.
A．the owner of the dog with the longest ears
B．the grandfather of the dog with the longest ears
C．the present holder of the record for “Longest ears on a dog”
D．the former holder of the record for “Longest ears on a dog”
3．How many T-shirts had Krunoslav Budiseli put on before he felt it difficult to go on?
A．68. B．120. C．238. D．245.
4．According to the given information, which Guinness World Record was most recently set?
A．The record for “Most people inside a soap bubble”．
B．The record for “Most living generations”．
C．The record for “Most T-shirts worn at once”．
D．The record for “Heaviest pumpkin”．
【要点综述】本文是一篇应用文，主要向读者介绍6个不同寻常的吉尼斯世界纪录的情况。
1. C 细节理解题。从第一则纪录中提到的He is just another?super powers?Kenichi Ito ran 100 m on all fours?知，Kenichi Ito创造了最新的最快的100米“四肢爬”纪录，所以选C项。
2. D 细节理解题。从文章第三则纪录中Mr. Jeffries is the previous record holder of this title?可以知道，Mr. Jeffries是前纪录保持者，所以选D项。
3. B 细节理解题。从第五则纪录中?The T-shirts weighed 68 kg and Budiseli said he began struggling around T-shirt No. 120?可以知道Budiseli在穿了120件T恤后感觉有点困难再穿上T恤了，所以选B项。
4. A 推理判断题。从文章的纪录中可以知道，A项是2011年4月4日创造的；B项是1989年1月21日创造的；C项是2010年5月22日创造的；D项是2010年10月9日创造的，由此知A项是最近时间创造的，所以选A项。
【四川省宜宾市李庄中学2014高考英语仿真模拟试题】
“Experience may possibly be the best teacher, but it is not a particular good teacher.” You might think that Winston Churchill or perhaps Mark Twain spoke those words, but they actually come from James March, a professor at Stanford University and a pioneer in the field of organization decision making. For years March ( possibly be wisest philosopher of management) has studied how humans think and act, and he continues to do so in his new book The Ambiguities of Experience.
He begins by reminding us of just how firmly we have been sticking to the idea of experiential learning :“Experience is respected；experience is sought；experience is explained.”The problem is that learning from experience involves（涉及） serious complications（复杂化），ones that are part of the nature of experience itself and which March discusses in the body of this book.
In one interesting part of book，for example，he turns a double eye toward the use of stories as the most effective way of experiential learning. He says“The more accurately（精确的）reality is presented，the less understandable the story，and the more understandable the story, the less realistic it is.”
Besides being a broadly knowledgeable researcher. March is also a poet, and his gift shines though in the depth of views he offers and the simple language he uses. Though the book is short, it is demanding；Don’t pick it up looking for quick, easy lessons. Rather, be ready to think deeply about learning from experience in work and life.
43. According to the text, James March is ____________.
A. a poet who uses experience in his writing
B. a teacher who teachers story writing in university
C. a researcher who studies the way humans think and act
D. a professor who helps organizations makes important decisions
44. According to James March, experience ______________.
A. is overvalued B. is easy to explain
C. should be actively sought D. should be highly respected
45. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A. Experience makes stories more accurate.
B. Stories made interesting fail to fully present the truth.
C. The use of stories is the best way of experiential learning.
D. Stories are easier to understand when reality is more accurately described.
46. What’s the purpose of this text?
A. To introduce a book.
B. To describe a researcher.
C. To explain experiential learning.
D. To discuss organizational decision making.
【参考答案】43—45、CAB 46、A
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
The house was quiet at 5 a.m. and Tim’s mother was asleep. Only the sound of the big freezer broke the quiet. He’d dreamt of the cave last night. The purring (轻微颤动声) of the freezer had been the sea.
Tim pulled on a sweater and put some apples into his schoolbag. It was too early for breakfast. He’d eat after he’d been through the cave, sitting on the rocks and staring at the sea.
He wished he had a proper pack. His schoolbag would have to do. What else? Sandwiches——but his mother might wake up if he started pulling out bread for sandwiches. She’d want to know why he had to leave so early. He settled for some biscuits, and left a note stuck at the table: Gone to Michael’s. Back tonight. Tim.
The sky was high and soft and light outside, though the sun still wasn’t up. Even the highway up the hill was quiet as he made his way down the street. The wind from the sea was fresh and sweet.
The sandhills still breathed heat from yesterday’s sun, though the top of the sand was cool. He ran down to the beach impatiently, but there was no one, just dry sand dancing in the early wind and seabirds marching up and down watching the waves.
The light changed suddenly. The first rays of sunlight stretched across the sea. The sun was pushing its way over the edge of the world. Over the first rocks, along - 5 -
to the point, Tim glanced back. The beach was still empty. The sun sailed higher in the sky.
He could see the cave now, even darker in the morning light. The sand turned silver then dark gold as the water flowed away from it. He had to force himself to go closer. Why was it so much more mysterious now? But it would be silly to go back now after so much trouble. He needn’t go in all the way?
21.What did Tim do at the beginning of the story?
A. He left the house quietly. B. He had breakfast at home.
C. He left a note on the freezer. D. He put a sweater in his schoolbag.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据left a note stuck at the table: Gone to Michael’s. Back tonight. Tim.可知他悄悄地离开家，故选A。
22. “He settled for some biscuits” (in Paragraph 3) means that Tim ______.
A. had to leave the biscuits on the table
B. liked biscuits better than sandwiches
C. had to take biscuits instead of sandwiches
D. could only find some biscuits in the kitchen
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据his mother might wake up if he started pulling out bread for sandwiches.因为如果他拿三明治可能要惊醒妈妈，于是就拿了饼干，故选C。
23. What made it possible for Tim to see the entry to the cave?
A. The height of the first rocks. B. The ups and downs of the waves.
C. The change in the position of the sun. D. The vast stretch of the sunlit beach.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据The light changed suddenly. He could see the cave now,太阳的突然改变，使他能够看清洞口，故选C。
24. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the story?
A. The sea looked like a piece of gold.
B. Seabirds flew away when Tim arrived.
C. Tim was the only person on the beach.
D. The sky got dark as Tim reached the cave.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据He ran down to the beach impatiently, but there was no one, Tim是海滩上唯一的一个人，故选C。
25. In the story, Tim’s mood changed from ______.
A. loneliness to craziness B. anxiousness to excitement
C. helplessness to happiness D. eagerness to nervousness
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据他满怀激情地自己悄悄地来到海边，结果走到海边发现天很黑又没有人自己心里感觉有点紧张，故选D。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。
When 7-year-old Warren Buffett said,“I will be the richest man one day,” his friends made fun of his “daydreaming”. But ever since then the little boy has set about learning how to make money by selling drinks, delivering newspapers and buying stocks. The American had already earned $9,000 (equal to $90,000 today) by the time he graduated from high school.
And this month the 78-year-old man, who earned his fortune by making a lot of sound investment in the stock market, took the place of Microsoft founder, Bill Gates, as the world’s richest man. Gates’ worth declined $1.5 billion to $55.5 billion in 33 days after the recent financial storm, according to Forbes Magazine.
Buffett, the only son of a stockbroker, was ready to think outside the box to develop his business from a very early age. At 8, he went to golf courses collecting and selling the used balls. At 11 when he sold soda pop door-to-door with a friend, the pair collected lids on streets to judge which flavor was the most popular.
As a paper boy during high school, Buffett delivered two competitor papers, so that even when customers canceled one of the subscriptions, he could still make a profit from the other. With his paper delivery savings, Buffett bought 162,000 square meters of farmland and collected rent. Young Buffett stepped into the stock market - 7 -
at 11 but earned only $5. The experience taught him one of the virtues in investing, patience.
After graduating from university, Buffett started his venture with stocks with his childhood earnings and money from friends. He researched the stocks and just bought those of solid companies that were undervalued and inexpensive at the time. By sticking to companies such as American Express and Coca-Cola, Buffett has become rich. “Learning is important to Buffett’s success. He is a learning machine who can spend his entire day reading. He keeps learning from books, street smarts and investigation, from both success and failure. In this way, he over-achieved his aptitude (能力).” said Charlie Munger, his longtime business partner.
16. The passage is mainly about ___________.
A. why Buffett took the place of Bill Gates as the world’s richest man
B. what effect Buffett’s childhood experiences had on his success
C. how Buffett earned his fortune and achieved his aptitude
D. what Buffett dreamt about when he was a child
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。根据本文的几个段落分别介绍了巴菲特一生中几个阶段挣钱、创业的例子。因此可判断C为正确答案。而其他三项的内容只是文中所提到的一个方面。故选C。
17. Which of the following is true about Buffett?
A. His worth is more than $ 55.5 billion now.
B. He is next to Bill Gates in wealth at the present time.
C He achieved great success on stepping into the stock market.
D He bought 162,000 square meters of farmland by selling soda pop.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Gates’ worth declined $1.5 billion to $55.5 billion in 33 days after the recent financial storm, according to Forbes Magazine.”可以确定答案。他的价值是555亿美元，故选A。
18. How did Buffett behave at the stock market?
A. He often prefers some inexpensive stocks.
B. He will buy the stock whose price is lower than its value.
C. He always borrows money from his friends to buy stocks.
D. He will sell the stock if its price doesn’t go up.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“He researched the stocks and just bought those of solid companies that were undervalued and inexpensive at the time.”可以确定答案，他将买股票的价格低于它的价值，故选B。
19. Which is the main factor that determines Buffett’s success?
A. His education. B. His family background.
C. His desire to learn. D. His cooperation with his partner.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据“Learning is important to Buffett’s success.学习是他成功的主要因素，故选C。
20. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Buffett is an immediate success in the stock market.
B. Buffett and Gates are business partners.
C. His father helped him a lot in his business.
D. Buffett has a good sense of business.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后 一段他的生意合伙人对他的评价以及上文对他的介绍，他有一个很好的经商意识，故选D。
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