学号 902091310258
武警警官学院本科毕业论文
基于图像处理的无弹射击系统设计与实现
部职 别： 学员二旅六营十七连
专 业 名 称： 指挥信息系统工程专业
学 员 姓 名： 王衡然
指 导 老 师： 苏龙飞周歌
二○一六年十月
郑 重 声 明
本人呈交的学位论文，是在指导老师的指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的成果，所有数据、图片资料真实可靠。尽我所知，除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本学位论文的研究成果不包含他人享有著作权的内容。对本论文所涉及的研究工作做出贡献的其他个人和集体，均已在文中以明确的方式标明。本学位论文的知识产权归属于培养单位。
本人签名：日期：
武警警官学院本科毕业论文
基于图像处理的无弹射击系统设计
与实现
The Design And Research of the
non-missile Firing System Based on Image
Processing
指导教师姓名、专业技术职务 学 科 专 业 论文答辩日期 学位授予单位和日期 答辩委员会主席
答辩委员会委员
摘 要
射击训练，是军队训练的重要项目之一。实弹射击、人工报靶的传统方式，效率较低且安全性较差。目前，研究人员也研发出了各式各样的无弹射击系统，发展前景最好的应属基于图像处理的无弹射击系统。
本文以基于图像处理的无弹射击系统为基础，利用系统获取的图像进行分析，系统中图像处理主要包括准星识别、胸环靶定位、靶心及靶环线检测。其中靶心检测是将图像连续进行3次闭运算，再进行3次腐蚀操作，最后进行差分运算后得出结果，靶环线则是运用Hough变换作出各环线和边界线，再经过曲线拟合检测得出。
本文利用MATLAB R2014a编写软件实现图像处理功能，分析出准星识别的最佳方案，即利用Sobel算子和Hough变换的直线检测法检测准星的方案。经过8次实验最终实现了这个功能，每次的结果也较为稳定、准确。
本文分析了软件各个功能的特点，经过反复实验得出系统的主要优点是整体比较稳定，且相较其他无弹射击系统成本较低，具有广阔的应用前景。不过也存在一定的缺陷，后台管理数据库还不够完善以及还不能实现无线化等问题，导致此系统的实用性大大降低。
关键词：图像处理；胸环靶定位；准星识别；Hough变换；环值判定
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ABSTRACT
Shooting training is one of the important items of military training. The traditional way of manual target scoring while shooting live ammunitions is of low efficiency and poor safety. At present, a variety of free cartridge firing systems have already been developed by research associate, among which, the one that bases on image processing has the best development prospects.
This thesis relies on the free cartridge firing system which bases on image processing, to analyze in terms of system image, the image processing in the system mainly includes the identification of sight bead, chest bitmap positioning and also, target and target link detection. The bull`s eye detection is the final result of difference operation after 3 consecutive closed operations and then 3 corrosion operations. And the target loop is the result of using Hough Transform to draw loop lines and boundaries, along with the curve fitting of test as well.
This thesis uses the MATLAB R2014a writing software to achieve the function of image processing and to analyze the best scheme of the identification of sight bead. Namely using Sobel Operator and Hough Transform’s line detection method to detect the scheme of sight bead. In the end, after 8 experiments, this function has been achieved, and each result is relatively stable and accurate.
This thesis analyzes the characteristics of the various functions of the software. After repeated experiments, it can be worked out that the main advantage of this software is that the system is relatively stable on the whole, and compared with other free cartridge firing system, it has a wide prospect of application due to its lower cost. However, there are still some defects. The database management has not been good enough, and being wireless or some more issues could not be achieved yet, which results in a great reduction of the usefulness of this system.
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KEY WORDS: Image processing；Target positioning；Identification of sight bead；Hough Transform
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目 录
摘 要 ........................................................................................................................... I ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ III 目 录 .......................................................................................................................... V
第一章 绪 论 ........................................................................................................... 1
1.1 研究目的和意义 .......................................................................................... 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 .......................................................................................... 2
1.2.1 数字图像处理的发展及在军事射击训练中的应用 ....................... 2
1.2.2 自动报靶技术的发展 ....................................................................... 4
1.3 论文研究内容 .............................................................................................. 6
1.4 论文组织结构 .............................................................................................. 7
第二章 无弹射击系统 ............................................................................................... 9
2.1 系统工作原理 .............................................................................................. 9
2.2 硬件分析 .................................................................................................... 10
2.3 软件分析 .................................................................................................... 11
2.4 本章小结 .................................................................................................... 12
第三章 图像预处理及准星识别 ............................................................................. 13
3.1 图像数字化 ................................................................................................ 13
3.2 图像预处理 ................................................................................................ 14
3.2.1 中值滤波 ......................................................................................... 14
3.2.2 灰度变换 ......................................................................................... 16
3.1.3 阈值分割及二值化 ......................................................................... 17
3.2.4 几何畸变校正 ................................................................................. 18
3.3 准星识别 .................................................................................................... 19
3.3.1 Hough 变换 .................................................................................... 20
3.3.2 边缘检测 ......................................................................................... 20
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3.3.3 准星识别方案选取 ......................................................................... 21
3.4 实验结果图 ................................................................................................ 23
3.5 本章小结 .................................................................................................... 24
第四章 胸环靶定位 ................................................................................................. 26
4.1 胸环靶定位流程图 .................................................................................... 26
4.2 边缘检测 .................................................................................................... 27
4.3 有色点对匹配 ............................................................................................ 27
4.4 靶区域提取 ................................................................................................ 29
4.5 本章小结 .................................................................................................... 30
第五章 环值判定 ..................................................................................................... 31
5.1 靶心提取 .................................................................................................... 31
5.1.1 形态学滤波 ..................................................................................... 31
5.1.2 靶心计算 ......................................................................................... 33
5.2 靶环线检测 ................................................................................................ 33
5.2.1 创建环值区域 ................................................................................. 33
5.2.2 曲线拟合 ......................................................................................... 35
5.3 成绩计算 .................................................................................................... 37
5.4 本章小结 .................................................................................................... 37
第六章 总结及展望 ................................................................................................. 39
6.1 总结 ............................................................................................................ 39
6.2 展望 ............................................................................................................ 39
致 谢 ......................................................................................................................... 41
参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 43
附录 准星识别程序 ................................................................................................. 45
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