life in the metropolis 大都市的生活(2)

scaleofthenewmasses.Realhorsesinadequatenumberswouldrequireaseparateinfrastructureasbigastheislanditself.

Also,theabilitytorideahorsewasaformof“knowledge”

notavailabletotheproletariatthathadmadetheislanditsplayground.EBSCO Publishing - NetLibrary; printed on 10/11/2010 4:57:57 AM via University of Hong Kong LibrarieseISBN:9780262082617; Hays, K. Michael. : Architecture Theory Since 1968Account: -243728315

Inthemid-1890sGeorgeTilyoulaidoutamechanicaltrackthat

leadsthroughConey’snaturallandscapes,alongtheoceanfrontandacrossanumberofman-madeobstacles.Henamedit“Steeplechase”...“anautomaticracetrackwithgravitationasitsmotivepower....Itshorsesresembleinsizeandmodelthetrackracer.Staunchlybuilt,theyaretoacertainextentunderthecontroloftherider,whocanacceleratethespeedbythemannerinwhichheutilizeshisweightandhispositionontheascendinganddescendinggrades.”

Steeplechasecombinedinasingleattractiontheprovisionof

entertainmentwithaformofemancipationthroughmachinery—theeliteexperi-enceofhorsebackridingdemocratizedthroughtechnology.

Copyright ? 1998. MIT Press All rights reserved. May not be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except

fair uses permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.LoveTwoyearslater,eventhemostintimateprocessesofhumannaturewereconverted.ItisoftenallegedthattheMetropoliscreateslonelinessandalienation.ConeyIslandrespondedtothisproblemwiththe“BarrelsofLove.”Twohorizontalcylinders—mountedinline—revolveinoppo-sitedirections.Ateitherendanarrowstaircaseleadsuptotheentrance;onefeedsmenintotheapparatus,theotherwomen.Itisimpossibletoremainstandinginthemachine;menandwomenarethrownontopofeachother.Theunrelentingrotationthencreatessyntheticintimacybetweencoupleswhowouldneverhavemetwithoutitsassistance.Ifnecessary,thisintimacycouldbefurtherprocessedinthe“TunnelsofLove,”anarti?cialmountainnexttothecouple-formingmachine.Thefreshlyformedpairswouldboardasmallboatthatdisappearsinsideasystemofdarktunnelswherecompleteobscurityensues—oratleast—visualprivacy.Therockingmovementoftheboatsontheshallowwaterwassupposedtoincreasesensuality.Conclusion:1Withthesequenceof:Cow,ElectricBathing,SteeplechaseandBarrelsofLove,allthenaturalelementsthathadoncede?nedtheattractionoftheIsland,weresystemati-callyreplacedbyanewkindofmachinerythatconvertedtheoriginalnatureintoanintricatesimulacrumofnature,acompensatorytechnicalservice.Thistechnologyisnottheagentofobjectiveandquanti?ableimprovements—suchasraisingthelevelsofillumination,controllingtemperature,etc.—itisasuperiorsubstituteforthe“natural”realitythatisbeingdepletedbythesheerdensityofhumanconsumers.Together,thisapparatusconstitutesanalternativerealitythatisinventedanddesigned,insteadofaccidentalandarbitrary.Sincethis“instrumentarium”oftruemodernitycreatesstatesandsituationsthathaveneverexistedbefore,itcanneverescapeitsaspectoffabrica-tion—ofbeingtheresultofhumanfantasy.TheMetropolisisirrevocablytheresultantofsuchidenti?ablementalconstructions,andthatisthesourceofitsfundamental“otherness”fromallpreviousUrbanisms.ElevatorIn1853,atManhattan’s?rstWorld’sFair,theinventionthatwould,morethanany

other,becomethe“sign”oftheMetropolitanCondition,wasintroducedtothepub-licinasingularlytheatricalformat.

ElishaOtis,theinventoroftheelevator,mountsaplatform.The

platformascends.Whenithasreacheditshighestlevel,anassistantpresentsOtis

EBSCO Publishing - NetLibrary; printed on 10/11/2010 4:57:57 AM via University of Hong Kong LibrarieseISBN:9780262082617; Hays, K. Michael. : Architecture Theory Since 1968Account: -243728315

KOOLHAAS1977325

Copyright ? 1998. MIT Press All rights reserved. May not be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except

fair uses permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.withadaggeronavelvetcushion.Theinventortakestheknifeandattackswhatappearsthecrucialcomponentofhisinvention:thecablethathashoistedtheplat-formupwardandthatnowpreventsitsfall.Otiscutsthecable;nothinghappenstoplatformorinventor.Invisiblesafety-catchespreventtheplatformfromrejoiningthesurfaceoftheearth.TheyrepresenttheessenceofOtis’sinvention:theabilitytopreventtheelevatorfromcrashing.Liketheelevator,eachtechnicalinventionispregnantwithadoubleimage:thespectreofitspossiblefailure.Thewaytoavertthatphantomdisas-terisasimportantastheoriginalinventionitself.OtisintroducedathemewhichwouldbecomealeitmotivintheperformanceoftheMetropolis:aspectaclethatfeaturesaneckandneckracebetweenanastronomicalincreaseinthepotentialfordisasterthatisonlyjustexceededbyastillmoreastronomicalincreaseinthepotentialtoavertdisaster.Elevator2Fromthe1870s,theelevatorbecamethegreatemancipatorofallthe?oorsabovetheground?oor.Otis’sapparatusrecoveredtheinnumerableplanesthathadsofarbeenpurelyspeculative,andrevealedtheirsuperiorityinthe?rstMetropolitanpara-dox:thegreaterthedistancefromtheearth—themoreunnaturalthelocation—thecloserthecommunicationwithwhatremainsofnature(i.e.,light,air,views,etc.).Theelevatoristheultimateself-ful?llingprophesy:thefurtherittravelsupward,themoreundesirablethecircumstancesitleavesbehind.Throughthemutualreinforcementoftheelevatorandthesteelframe(thelatterwithitsuncannyabilitytosupportthenewlyidenti?edterritor-ieswithoutitselftakinganyspace),anygivensiteintheMetropoliscouldnowbemultipliedadin?nitum,aproliferationof?oorspacethatwascalledSkyscraper,primeinstrumentofthearchitectureofdensity.TheoremIn1909the“layering”oftheworld’ssurfacethroughtheactionoftheelevatorwaspositedintheformofavisualtheoremthatappearedinthepopularpress.Aslendersteelstructuresupports84horizontalplanes,allthesizeoftheoriginalplot.Eachofthesearti?ciallevelsistreatedasavirginsitetoestablishaprivatedomainaroundasinglecountryhouseanditsattendantfacilitiessuchasstables,servants’cottages,gazebos,etc.,allimplantedinanairbornemeadow.Emphaticpermutationsofthestylesofthevillassuggestedthateachoftheelevatorstopscorrespondedtoadi?erentlifestyle—animpliedideologi-calvariation—allofthemsupportedwithcompleteneutralitybythesteelframerack.Lifeinsidethisbuildingisfracturedtotheextentthatitcouldnotconceivablybepartofasinglescenario:onthe82nd?ooradonkeyshrinksbackfromthevoid,onthe81stacosmopolitancouplehailaplane.Theprivacyandisolationofeachoftheaerialplotsseeminglycon?ictswiththefactthat,together,theyformasinglebuilding.Infact,thediagramimpliesthatthestructureissuccessfulexactlytotheextentthattheindividualityofeachplotisrespected.Thestructure“frames”theircoexistencewithoutinterferingwiththeircontents.TheBuildingisanaccumulationofprivacies.

Only5ofthe84?oorsarevisibleonthedrawing.Hiddenin

thecloudsotheractivitiesoccupyotherplots;theuseofeachplatformcanneverbeknowninadvanceofitsconstruction.Villasgoupandcollapse,otherfacilitiesre-placethem,butthatdoesnota?ecttheframework.EBSCO Publishing - NetLibrary; printed on 10/11/2010 4:57:57 AM via University of Hong Kong LibrarieseISBN:9780262082617; Hays, K. Michael. : Architecture Theory Since 1968Account: -243728315

Copyright ? 1998. MIT Press All rights reserved. May not be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except

fair uses permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.100-StoryBuildingIn1911aprojectfora“100-StoryBuilding”wasunveiledthatincorporatedmanyofthebreakthroughswhich,onlytwoyearsearlier,seemedentirelytheoretical.TheBuildingwasastraightforwardextrusionoftheblockitoccupiesmultipliedby100.ThelowerthirdoftheBuildingisdevotedtoindustry,themiddleparttobusiness,theupperparttoliving.Onevery20thstoryisapublicplazathatoccupiesawhole?oorandarticulatesthedemarcationbetweenthedi?erentfunctionalsectors:a“generalmarket”onthe20th,aclusteroftheatresonthe40th,a“shoppingdistrict”onthe60th,ahotelonthe80th,andan“amusementpark,roofgardenandswimmingpool”ontheroof.At?rstsight,theroomsinsidethisstructureareconventional,equippedwith?replacesandwoodpanelling.Buttheyarealsoequippedwith7out-letsfor“temperatureandatmosphereregulatingtubes”whichdemonstrateoncemoretheantipragmatic,infact,poeticusageoftheMetropolitaninfrastructure:“A?saltair,B?freshair,C?drysaltair,D?dryfreshair,E?medicatedair(tosuitdisease),F?temperatureswitch,GHI?perfumes.”Theoutletsofthistechno-psychicbatteryarethekeystoascaleofsyntheticexperiencesthatrangesfromthehedonistictothehyper-medical.Someroomscanbe“set”onFlorida,othersontheCanadianRockyMountainsTheper-fumesandthemedicinalairsuggestevenmoreabstractdestinations.Inthe100-storyBuildingeachcubicleisequippedtopursueitsprivateexistentialjourney.Thebuildinghasbecomealaboratoryforemotionalandintel-lectualadventure;thefactthatitisimplantedinManhattanhasbecome—almost—immaterial.DowntownAthleticClubWithin20years,thepromiseofthe100-storyBuilding—thatofaskyscraperfullyconqueredbyhigherformsofsocialintercoursethanmerebusiness—wasrealizedin1931withtheDowntownAthletic

bbs.99jianzhu.com内容：建筑图纸、PDF/word 流程，表格，案例，最新,施工方案、工程书籍、建筑论文、合同表格、标准规范、CAD图纸等内容。