drilling_equipment_中英文对照版本(3)

绕过天车和游车的复滑轮系统中的钢丝绳，主要用途是提放井内钻柱和套管，钢丝绳也用于支撑钻井工具。

Hoisting System

指重表 Weight Indicator

? A device for measuring the weight of the drill string. Monthly calibration to calculated drill string weight is required by API.
指示钻压的仪器。API标准要求每月校准一次。

大钩

Hook

? A large, hook-shaped device from which the elevator bails or the swivel is suspended. It is designed to carry maximum loads ranging from 100 to 650 tons and turns on bearings in its supporting housing.

悬挂提梁和轴承的大的钩型设备，设计最大载荷从100到650吨，在外罩内

有启动轴承。

Swivel—水龙头
?A rotary tool that is hung from the hook and traveling block to suspend and permit free rotation of the drill stem. It also provides a connection for the rotary hose and a passageway for the flow of drilling fluid into the drill stem. ?挂在游车大钩上，允许钻柱自由转动，与水龙带连接，是钻井液流入钻杆通道。

方钻杆上扣器

Kelly Spinner

? A device for spinning the drill pipe. Replaces the spinning chain.
转钻柱设备，代替链式上扣器。

Tong s

机械大钳

? The large wrenches used for turning when making up or breaking out drill pipe, casing, tubing, or other pipe; variously called casing tongs, rotary tongs, and so forth according to the specific use. Power tongs are pneumatically or hydraulically operated tools that spin the pipe up and, in some instances, apply the final makeup torque.

大型扳手，拆装钻柱、套管、油管及其他管。显然也叫套管钳、旋转钳等等。按照具体用途，气动或液动操作。用于拧紧管柱，在某些情况下，也用于施加扭矩。

Stairwa ys

梯子

? Stairs leading from one level to another. Protected with handrails.
有扶手起保护作用的梯子

立管

Standpipe

? A vertical pipe rising along the side of the derrick or mast. It joins the discharge line leading from the mud pump to the rotary hose and through which mud is pumped going into the hole.
井架一侧的垂直管，连接泥浆泵和水龙带，泥浆通过它入井。

stands

Rig Floor

Doghou se

偏房

?A small enclosure on the rig floor used as an office for the driller or as a storehouse for small objects. Also, any small building used as an office or for storage.
钻机平台上很小封闭区域，是司钻办公室，也保存一些小物件。也是作为办公室或存储间的小建筑。

Cathead 猫头

?A spool-shaped attachment on a winch around which rope for hoisting and pulling is wound.
与绞车相连的轴型物，其上缠绕绳以实现起吊作用

Monkeyb oard

井架平台

?The derrickman's working platform. Double board, tribble board, fourable board; a monkey board located at a height in the derrick or mast equal to two, three, or four lengths of pipe respectively.

井架工的工作台，一个井架上分别有2个、3个、4个平台，等分钻柱长度。

吊卡

Elevators

? A set of clamps that grips a stand, or column, of casing, tubing, drill pipe, or sucker rods, so the stand can be raised or lowered into the hole.
一组夹钳，用来夹持単根、管柱、套管、油管、钻杆及抽油杆，使得杆柱进出井眼。

Hoisting Line

提升钢绳

? A wire rope used in hoisting operations. Must conform to the API standards for its intended uses.
用于提升操作，遵照API标准使用。

方钻杆

? The heavy square or hexagonal steel member suspended from the swivel through the rotary table. It is connected to the topmo

st joint of drill pipe to turn the drill stem as the rotary table turns.
很重的四边或六边形钻杆，穿到转盘上，与最上一根钻柱连接，转盘旋转时，方钻杆带动钻柱转动。

Kelly

方钻杆补心

Kelly Bushing

? A device fitted to the rotary table through which the kelly passes. It is the means by which the torque of the rotary table is transmitted to the kelly and to the drill stem. Also called the drive bushing.
与转盘连接，方钻杆穿过其中。通过这种方法转盘的扭矩传给方钻杆及钻柱，也叫驱动补心

水龙带

Rotary Hose

?The hose on a rotary drilling rig that conducts the drilling fluid from the mud pump and standpipe to the swivel and kelly; also called the mud hose or the kelly hose.
旋转式钻井井架上的水龙带从泥浆泵和立管中导出钻井液到水龙头及方钻杆，也叫泥浆管或钻杆管。

转盘

Rotary Table

转盘就是转动机械，用于转动钻杆，支撑钻井部件。它有伞形齿轮结构能产生旋转动力，开口处装补心，补心接受驱动及支持钻井部件。

? The principal component of a rotary, or rotary machine, used to turn the drill stem and support the drilling assembly. It has a beveled gear arrangement to create the rotational motion and an opening into which bushings are fitted to drive and support the drilling assembly. Note the pipe spinner (in red) on the side of the swivel.

卡瓦

Slips
? Wedge-shaped pieces of metal with teeth or other gripping elements that are used to prevent pipe from slipping down into the hole or to hold pipe in place. Rotary slips fit around the drill pipe and wedge against the master bushing to support the pipe. Power slips are pneumatically or hydraulically actuated devices that allow the crew to dispense with the manual handling of slips when making a connection. Packers and other down hole equipment are secured in position by slips that engage the pipe by action directed at the surface.

金属楔形块，有牙及锁紧部分，用于夹持管柱防脱及抱紧管柱。环形卡瓦围住钻杆，楔紧紧靠总补心，支撑管柱。卡瓦动力来自气动或液动装置，这样在连接时使得操作人员免去手动操作。隔器及其它井下设备，由卡瓦通过作用在钻杆表面上的力保证钻杆位置安全牢固。。

? A relatively short length of chain attached to the tong pull chain on the manual tongs used to make up drill pipe. The spinning chain is attached to the pull chain so that a crew member can wrap the spinning chain several times around the tool joint box of a joint of drill pipe suspended in the rotary table. After crew members stab the pin of another tool joint into the box end, one of them then grasps the end of the spinning chain and with a rapid upward motion of the wrist "throws the spinning 旋链是连接在钻杆操作连接钳拉动链子的一短链，它固定在拉动 chain"—that is, caus

es it to unwrap from the 链上。旋链靠近，工人抓住链端， box and coil upward onto the body of the joint 将上扣链在转盘上的那根钻杆上 stabbed into the box. The driller then actuates 端缠绕几圈，另一个人把又一根 the makeup cathead to pull the chain off of the 钻杆下端推过来，对好扣，其中 pipe body, which causes the pipe to spin and 的一个人抓住旋链的一端，快速向上拉链子一端，链子高速旋转。 thus the pin threads to spin into the box. 也就是说快速展开链子，使管柱

Spinning Chain

旋链

Top Drive

顶驱

?The top drive rotates the drill string end bit without the use of a kelly and rotary table. The top drive is operated from a control console on the rig floor.
顶驱使钻头旋转，不利用方钻杆及转盘，动力来自钻井平台的控制台

顶驱克服了转盘钻井的缺欠
? 用方钻杆插入转盘才能驱动钻杆旋转，因此只能接单根钻进。

?

起下钻时，方钻杆水
龙头插入大鼠洞，遇阻时不能及时实现循环和旋转，易发生卡钻事故。

转盘钻井方式

顶驱克服了转盘钻井的缺欠
? 可接立根钻井，钻井效率提高。 ? 在起下钻及遇阻遇卡时，能及时旋转钻杆和循环泥浆。既提高了井眼质量，又减少了事故发生。 ? 定向钻进、取芯钻进效率高。 ? 提高了机械化程度。吊环前后倾斜、旋转，上卸扣动作全部由电液控制来实现，可减轻工人劳动强度。 ? 可随时关闭内防喷器，增加了操作安全性。 ? 转盘不旋转，钻台操作更安全。

顶驱钻井方式

阀组

电机冷却系统刹车装置提环

电机冲管总成管线支座减速箱

3 .Rotating system
Rotary table

kelly bushing

90 Master bushing

slip

Kelly bushing