碳量子点研究

摘要

碳量子点是一种以碳元素为主体的新型荧光碳纳米材料，碳量子点具有许多优良性质主要包括：荧光稳定性高且耐光漂白、激发光宽而连续、发射光可调谐、粒径小分子量低、生物相容性好且毒性低和优良的电子受体和供体等特性还有比传统金属量子点更为优越的特点。碳量子点不但克服了传统有机染料的某些缺点，而且有分子量和粒径小、荧光稳定性高、无光闪烁、激发光谱宽而连续、发射波长可调谐、生物相容性好、毒性低等优点。更易于实现表面功能化，被认为是一种很好的理想材料。对近几年国内碳量子点的研究现状，对电弧法、激光剥蚀法、电化学法、模板法等合成碳量子点的方法进行了简单的介绍，以及合成碳量子的方法分类，论述了碳量子点有望取代传统半导体量子点，在生物成像、发光探针分析等领域进行广泛的应用。检测重金属离子，检测小分子，溶液的酸碱性具有越来越重要的作用，是一种新型的纳米材料。为此，开展荧光碳量子点的基础研究具有重要的理论意义和应用价值,成为近几年的研究热点。本研究中对其性质，合成以及其应用进行了几个方面的综述。

关键词：碳量子点；材料；合成；应用；

Abstract

A quantum dot is a carbon carbon as the main element of the new carbon nano fluorescent material having a plurality of quantum dots carbon excellent properties including: light stability, and high bleaching fluorescence excitation light wide and continuous light emission can be tuned to a small particle size low molecular weight, low toxicity and good biocompatibility and excellent electron acceptor and donor still more excellent characteristics than the conventional metal quantum dots characteristics. Carbon not only overcome the quantum dot certain disadvantages of the conventional organic dye, and a small molecular weight and particle size, high fluorescence stability, no light flashes continuously broad excitation spectrum, the emission wavelength can be tuned, good biocompatibility, low toxicity and so on. Easier to implement the function of the surface is considered to be an ideal material good. In recent years, research on the status of domestic carbon quantum dots, quantum dot synthesis method for carbon arc, laser ablation, electrochemical method, template method for a simple introduction, as well as the synthesis of carbon quantum method of classification, discusses carbon quantum dots are expected to replace traditional semiconductor quantum dots, in the field of biological imaging, luminescence probes for extensive analysis applications. Detection of heavy metal ions, the detection of small molecules, the pH of the solution has an increasingly important role, is a novel nanomaterials. To this end, the basic research carried out fluorescent carbon quantum dots has important theoretical significance and application value and become a research hotspot in recent years. The study was reviewed several aspects of its nature, synthesis and their applications.

Keywords: carbon quantum dots; materials; synthesis; application

第1章绪论 .................................................................................................................... - 1 -

1.1 碳量子点 .............................................................................................................. - 1 -

1.2 碳量子点的优良性质 .......................................................................................... - 1 -

1.2.1 荧光稳定性高且耐光漂白 ........................................................................ - 2 -

1.2.2 激发光宽而连续 ........................................................................................ - 2 -

1.2.3 发射光可协调 ............................................................................................ - 2 -

1.2.4 粒径非常小且分子量低 ............................................................................ - 2 -

1.2.5 生物相容性良好且毒性很低 .................................................................... - 2 -

1.2.6 良好的电子受体和供体 ............................................................................ - 2 -

1.2.7 碳量子点的光学特性 ................................................................................ - 3 -

1.3 本论文的主要研究内容及意义 .......................................................................... - 3 -

第2章碳量子点的制备 .................................................................................................. - 4 -

2.1 合成材料的选择 .................................................................................................. - 4 -

2.1.1 石墨作为碳源 ............................................................................................ - 4 -

2.1.2 活性炭作为碳源 ........................................................................................ - 4 -

2.1.3 蜡烛燃烧灰作为碳源 ................................................................................ - 4 -

2.1.4 油烟等作为碳源 ........................................................................................ - 4 -

2.1.5 碳水化合物作为碳源 ................................................................................ - 4 -

2.1.6 其他含碳化合物 ........................................................................................ - 5 -

2.2 碳量子点的制备方法 .......................................................................................... - 5 -

2.2.1激光消融法 ................................................................................................. - 5 -

2.2.2 热解燃烧法 ................................................................................................ - 6 -

2.2.3 电化学方法 ................................................................................................ - 6 -

2.2.4 电弧放电法 ................................................................................................ - 7 -

2.2.5 微波法 ........................................................................................................ - 7 -

2.2.6 超声法 ........................................................................................................ - 7 -

2.2.7 强酸氧化法 ................................................................................................ - 7 -

2.2.8 水热法 ........................................................................................................ - 8 -

2.2.9模板法 ......................................................................................................... - 8 -

第3章碳量子点的应用 .................................................................................................. - 9 -

3.1碳量子点在生物标记与细胞成像中的应用 ....................................................... - 9 -

3.2碳量子点在生物分析检测中的应用 ................................................................... - 9 -

3.3 碳量子点作为荧光探针的应用 .......................................................................... - 9 -

3.3.1检测金属离子 ........................................................................................... - 10 -

3.3.2检测溶液pH值 ........................................................................................ - 10 -

3.3.3检测小分子 ............................................................................................... - 10 -

3.3.4检测具有生物活性的大分子 ................................................................... - 10 -

3.3.5在活体成像中的运用 ............................................................................... - 10 -

3.4 碳量子点的其他方面的应用 ............................................................................. - 11 -

第4章总结 .................................................................................................................. - 12 - 参考文献 .......................................................................................................................... - 13 - 致谢 ................................................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。

第1章绪论

半导体材料中，微小晶体通常被称作量子点（quantum dot)。这种量子点可以把电子锁定在一个非常微小的三维空间内，当有一束光照射上去的时候电子会受到激发跳跃到更高的能级。当这些电子回到原来较低的能级的时候，会发射出波长一定的光束。