高三英语阅读分层练习（四）
（A）
Your cell phone holds secrets about you. Besides the names andthat you‘ve programmed into it, traces of your DNA remain on it, according to a new study.
DNA is genetic material that appears in every cell. Like your fingerprint, your DNA is unique to youyou have an identical twin. Scientists today routinely analyze DNA in blood, saliva (唾液), or hair behind at the scene of a crime. The results often help detectives identify and their victims. Your cell phone can more about you than you might think.
Meghan J. McFadden, a scientist at McMaster University1in Hamilton, Ontario, heard about a crime in which the suspect bled onto a cell phone and later dropped the___ even when no blood was involved.she and colleague Margaret Wallace of the City University of New York analyzed the flip-open phones of 10 volunteers. They used swabs(药签) to collecttraces of the users from two parts of the phone: the outside, where the user holds it, and the , which is placed at the user‘s ear.
The scientists scrubbed the phones using a solution made mostly of alcohol. The aim of washing was to 可查明的) traces of DNA. The owners got their phones back for another week. the researchers collected the phones and repeated the swabbing of each phone once more.
The scientists discovered DNA that to the phone‘s owner on each of the phones. Better samples were collected from the outside of each phone, but those swabs also DNA of other people who had apparently also handled the phone. , DNA showed up even in swabs that were taken immediately after the phones were scrubbed. That suggests that washing won‘t remove all traces of evidence from a criminal‘s device. So cell phones can now be added to theof clues that can settle a crime-scene investigation.
1. A. secrets B. musicC. numbersD. films
2. A. becauseB. unlessC. although D. if
3. A. kept B. droppedC. stayed D. left
4. A. criminalsB. cluesC. witnesses D. policemen
5. A. revealB. convince C. acquire D. value
6. A. document B. paperC. card D. device
7. A. HoweverB. ButC. So D. For
8. A. invisibleB. non-existent C. missingD. apparent
9. A. microphoneB. keysC. screenD. speaker
10. A. preserve B. reviseC. removeD. protect
11.A. ThenB. ThusC. Meanwhile D. Otherwise
12.A. stuckB. belonged C. happened D. contributed
13.A. took inB. mixed with C. picked up D. gave out
14.A. Generally B. ShortlyC. DisappointedlyD. Surprisingly
15. A. explanation B. list C. bookD. discovery1
(B)
Several recent studies have found that being randomly (随机地) assigned to a roommate of another race can lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood of conflict.
Recent reports found that lodging with a student of a different race may decrease prejudice and compel students to engage in more ethnically diverse friendships.
An Ohio State University study also found that black students living with a white roommate saw higher academic success throughout their college careers. Researchers believe this may be caused by social pressure.
In a New York Times article, Sam Boakye – the only black student on his freshman year floor -said that "if you're surrounded by whites, you have something to prove."
Researchers also observed problems resulting from pairing interracial students in residences.
According to two recent studies, randomly assigned roommates of different races are more likely to experience conflicts so strained that one roommate will move out.
An Indiana University study found that interracial roommates were three times as likely as two white roommates to no longer live together by the end of the semester.
Grace Kao, a professor at Penn said she was not surprised by the findings. "This may be the first time that some of these students have interacted, and lived, with someone of a different race," she said.
At Penn, students are not asked to indicate race when applying for housing.
"One of the great things about freshman housing is that, with some exceptions, the process throws you together randomly," said Undergraduate Assembly chairman Alec Webley. "This is the definition of integration."
"I've experienced roommate conflicts between interracial students that have both broken down stereotypes and reinforced stereotypes," said one Penn resident advisor (RA). The RA of two years added that while some conflicts "provided more multicultural acceptance and melding (融合)," there were also "jarring cultural confrontations."
The RA said that these conflicts have also occurred among roommates of the same race.
Kao said she cautions against forming any generalizations based on any one of the studies, noting that more background characteristics of the students need to be studied and explained.
16. What can we learn from some recent studies?
A) Conflicts between students of different races are unavoidable.
B) Students of different races are prejudiced against each other.
C) Interracial lodging does more harm than good.
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D) Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes.
17. What does Sam Boakye's remark mean?
A) White students tend to look down upon their black peers.
B) Black students can compete with their white peers academically.
C) Black students feel somewhat embarrassed among white peers during the freshman year.
D) Being surrounded by white peers motivates a black student to work harder to succeed.
18. What does Alec Webley consider to be the "definition of integration"?
A) Students of different races are required to share a room.
B) Interracial lodging is arranged by the school for freshmen.
C) Lodging is assigned to students of different races without exception.
D) The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race.
(C)
Professor Smith recently persuaded 35 people, 23 of them women, to keep a diary of all their absent-minded actions for a fortnight. When he came to analyse their embarrassing lapses (差错) in a scientific report, he was surprised to find that nearly all of them fell into a few groupings. Nor did the lapses appear to be entirely random.
One of the women, for instance, on leaving her house for work one morning threw her dog her earrings and tried to fix a dog biscuit on her ear. ―The explanation for this is that the brain is like a computer,‖ explains the professor. ―People programme themselves to do certain activities regularly. It was the woman‘s custom every morning to throw her dog two biscuits and then put on her earrings. But somehow the action got reversed in the programme.‖ About one in twenty of the incidents the volunteers reported were these ―programme assembly failures.‖
Altogether the volunteers logged 433 unintentional actions that they found themselves doing – an average of twelve each. There appear to be peak periods in the day when we are at our zaniest (荒谬可笑的). These are two hours some time between eight a.m. and noon, between four and six p.m. with a smaller peak between eight and ten p.m. ―Among men the peak seems to be when a changeover in brain ?programmes‘ occurs, as for instance between going to and from work.‖ Women on average reported slightly more lapses – 12.5 compared with 10.9 for men – probably because they were more reliable reporters.
A startling finding of the research is that the absent-minded activity is a hazard of doing things in which we are skilled. Normally, you would expect that skill reduces the number of errors we make. But trying to avoid silly slips by concentrating more could make things a lot worse – even dangerous.
19. In his study Professor Smith asked the subjects ______.
A) to keep track of people who tend to forget things
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B) to report their embarrassing lapses at random
C) to analyse their awkward experiences scientifically
D) to keep a record of what they did unintentionally
20. Professor Smith discovered that ______.
A) certain patterns can be identified in the recorded incidents
B) many people were too embarrassed to admit their absent-mindedness
C) men tend to be more absent-minded than women
D) absent-mindedness is an excusable human weakness
21. ―Programme assembly failures‖ (Line 7, Para.2) refers to the phenomenon that people ______.
A) often fail to programme their routines beforehand
B) tend to make mistakes when they are in a hurry
C) unconsciously change the sequence of doing things
D) are likely to mess things up if they are too tired
22. It can be concluded from the passage that ______.
A) people should avoid doing important things during peak periods of lapses
B) hazards can be avoided when people do things they are good at
C) people should be careful when programming their actions
D) lapses cannot always be attributed to lack of concentration
(D)
At the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question: are immigrants good or bad for the economy? The American public overwhelmingly thinks they‘re bad. Yet the consensus among most economists is that immigration, both legal and illegal, provides a small net boost to the economy. Immigrants provide cheap labor, lower the prices of everything from farm produce to new homes, and leave consumers with a little more money in their pockets. So why is there such a discrepancy between the perception of immigrants‘ impact on the economy and the reality?
There are a number of familiar theories. Some argue that people are anxious and feel threatened by an inflow of new workers. Others highlight the strain that undocumented immigrants place on public services, like schools, hospitals, and jails. Still others emphasize the role of race, arguing that foreigners add to the nation‘s fears and insecurities. There‘s some truth to all these explanations, but they aren‘t quite sufficient.
To get a better understanding of what‘s going on, consider the way immigration‘s impact is felt. Though its overall effect may be positive, its costs and benefits are distributed unevenly. David Card, an economist at UC Berkeley, notes that the ones who profit most directly from immigrants‘ low-cost labor are businesses and employers—meatpacking plants in Nebraska, for instance, or agricultural businesses in California. Granted, these producers‘ savings probably translate into lower prices at the grocery store, but how many consumers make that mental connection at the checkout counter? As for the drawbacks of illegal immigration, these, too, are concentrated. Native 4
low-skilled workers suffer most from the competition of foreign labor. According to a study by George Borjas, a Harvard economist, immigration reduced the wages of American high-school dropouts by 9% between 1980-2000.
Among high-skilled, better-educated employees, however, opposition was strongest in states with both high numbers of immigrants and relatively generous social services. What worried them most, in other words, was the fiscal （财政的） burden of immigration. That conclusion was reinforced by another finding: that their opposition appeared to soften when that fiscal burden decreased, as occurred with welfare reform in the 1990s, which curbed immigrants‘ access to certain benefits.
The irony is that for all the overexcited debate, the net effect of immigration is minimal. Even for those most acutely affected—say, low-skilled workers, or California residents—the impact isn‘t all that dramatic.―The unpleasant voices have tended to dominate our perceptions,‖ says Daniel Tichenor, a political science professor at the University of Oregon, ―But when all those factors are put together and the economists calculate the numbers, it ends up being a net positive, but a small one.‖ Too bad most people don‘t realize it.
23. What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A) Whether immigrants are good or bad for the economy has been puzzling economists.
B) The American economy used to thrive on immigration but now it‘s a different story.
C) The consensus among economists is that immigration should not be encouraged.
D) The general public thinks differently from most economists on the impact of immigration.
24. In what way does the author think ordinary Americans benefit from immigration?
A) They can access all kinds of public services.
B) They can get consumer goods at lower prices.
C) They can mix with people of different cultures.
D) They can avoid doing much of the manual labor.
25. Why do native low-skilled workers suffer most from illegal immigration?
A) They have greater difficulty getting welfare support.
B) They are more likely to encounter interracial conflicts.
C) They have a harder time getting a job with decent pay.
D) They are no match for illegal immigrants in labor skills.
26. What is the irony about the debate over immigration?
A) Even economists can‘t reach a consensus about its impact.
B) Those who are opposed to it turn out to benefit most from it.
C) People are making too big a fuss about something of small impact.
D) There is no essential difference between seemingly opposite opinions.
(E)
(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)
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As researchers learn more about how children's intelligence develops, they are increasingly surprised by the power of parents. The power of the school has been replaced by the home. To begin with, all the factors which are part of intelligence — the child's understanding of language, learning patterns, curiosity — are established well before the child enters school at the age of six. Study after study has shown that even after school begins, children's achievements have been far more influenced by parents than by teachers. This is particularly true about learning that is language- related. The school rather than the home is given credit for variations in achievement in subjects such as science.
In view of their power, it's sad to see so many parents not making the most of their child's intelligence. Until recently parents had been warned by educators who asked them not to educate their children. Many teachers now realize that children cannot be educated only at school and parents are being asked to contribute both before and after the child enters school.
Parents have been particularly afraid to teach reading at home. Of course, children shouldn't be pushed to read by their parents, but educators have discovered that reading is best taught individually — and the easiest place to do this is at home. Many four-and five-year-olds who have been shown a few letters and taught their sounds will compose single words of their own with them even before they have been taught to read.
27. What have researchers found out about the influence of parents and the school on children's intelligence?
28. In which area may school play a more important role?
29. Why did many parents fail to make the most of their children's intelligence?
30. The author suggests in the last paragraph that parents should be encouraged to_______.
(F)
Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry---William
Shakespeare---but there are two distinctly separate hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway‘s Cottage, Shakespeare‘s birthplace and the other sights.
The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC‘s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It‘s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.
The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus--- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side---don‘t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town‘s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of the town by nightfall.
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The townsfolk don‘t see it this way and the local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expesive.
Anyway, the townsfolk can‘t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 per cent occupied all year long and this year they‘ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.
It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford‘s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over)---lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.
31. From the first two paragraphs, we learn that __________.
A. the townsfolk deny the RSC‘s contribution to the town‘s revenue.
B. the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage.
C. the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms.
D. the townsfolk earn little from tourism
32. IT can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that __________.
A. the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately
B. the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers.
C. the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers.
D. the playgoers go to not other places in town than the theatre.
33. By saying ―Stratford cries poor traditionally: (Para.4), the author implies that _____
A. Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects.
B. Stratford has long been in financial difficulties.
C. the town is not really short of money
D. the townsfolk used to be poorly paid
34. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because ________.
A. ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending
B. the company is financially ill-managed.
C. the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable.
D. the theatre attendance is on the rise.
35. From the text we can conclude that the author ________.
A. is supportive of both sides B. favors the townsfolk‘s view
C. takes a detached attitude D. is sympathetic to the RSC.
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Keys：
（A）CBDAA DCADC ABCDB
（B）DDD
(C) DACD
(D) DBCC
(E) 27. Parents have a greater influence than the school./Parents‘ influence is greater than the school‘s.
28.Science subjects.
29. They were warned (by educators) not to educate their children (at home).
30. teach reading at home.
(F) ABCDD
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