高三英语阅读分层练习(五)
（A）
The first sign of a problem while preparing for an exam is worry. Worry __1__ us of energy, focus and motivation. If we can eliminate worries, or __2__ control them, then we‘re in a much better __3__ to do well on our tests.There are three ways I know to deal with worry.
The first is to delete the __4__. What causes your anxiety when you are studying? Too much __5__? Then move to a quieter place. Procrastination (拖延时间)？ Catch up with your studies a couple nights before. That way you can save the final night before the exam to review and get a good night of __6__.The second way to deal with worry is to displace thoughts. Suppose you __7__ at three in the morning and you‘re worried about an exam.What do you do? How about getting up and __8__ for an hour? Doing something productive might allow you to sleep better when you __9__ do go back to bed. Another way to displace negative thoughts is to do something __10__ active. Walk out. Take a quick walk or a nice run. Another idea is to think positive thoughts. __11__, I might worry about the exam having surprise questions that I‘m not prepared to answer. But I can shove (推掉) those thoughts aside by __12__ myself that I‘ve taken many exams and I‘ve handled surprise questions before. The third option is to treat the symptoms. Think of one final exam that causes you the most __13__. Now think of the __14__ thing that could happen. If you‘ve prepared, then likely the worst grade you could get is a C. And, if you‘ve been __15__ what we‘ve been talking about, then you‘ll very likely do no worse than a B. How bad is that really?1. A．supplies B．robsC．relieves D．entitles 2. A．at least B．after all C．at last D．above all 3. A．station B．situation C．occasion D．position 4. A．effects B．diseases C．causes D．symptoms 5. A．noiseB．pressure C．heat D．pollution 6. A．studyB．sleep C．dream D．plan 7. A．go to bed B．fall asleepC．wake up D．stay up 8. A．exercising9. A．finally10. A．positively 11. A．However12. A．tempting13. A．illness
B．sleeping B．firstly B．mentally B．For exampleB．persuadingB．anxiety
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C．thinking
C．possiblyC．physically C．By the way C．excusingC．success D．studying D．repeatedly
D．psychologically D．Generally D．reminding D．bitter
14. A．worst
15. A．assuring B．best B．absorbing C．most C．applying D．least D．appreciating
（B）
Three years ago, five parrots were set free in a wild place of Arizona, thousands of miles from the Channel Islands in Jersey where they had been looked after by zookeepers. No evolutionary strategies informed them how to behave in this new landscape of mountainous pine forest unoccupied by their kind for 50 years. To the researchers‘ surprise, they failed to make contact with a group of wild parrots imported from Mexico and set free at the same time. Within 24 hours the reintroducing ended in failure, and the poor birds were back in cages, on their way to the safety of the Arizona reintroduction programme.
Ever since then, the programme has enjoyed great success, mainly because the birds now being set free are Mexican birds illegally caught in the wild, confiscated （没收） on arrival north of the border, and raised by their parents in the safety of the programme. The experience shows how little we know about the behavior and psychology of parrots, as Peter Bennett, a bird researcher, points out: ―Reintroducing species of high intelligence like parrots is a lot more difficult. People like parrots, always treating them as nothing more than pets or valuable ?collectables‘.‖
Now that many species of parrot are in immediate danger of dying out, biologists are working together to study the natural history and the behavior of this family of birds. Last year was an important turning point: conservationists founded the World Parrot Trust, based at Hayle in Cornwall, to support research into both wild and caged birds.
Research on parrots is vital for two reasons. First, as the Arizona programme showed, when reintroducing parrots to the wild, we need to be aware of what the birds must know if they are to survive in their natural home. We also need to learn more about the needs of parrots kept as pets, particularly as the Trust‘s campaign does not attempt to discourage the practice, but rather urges people who buy parrots as pets to choose birds raised by humans.
16. What do we know about the area where the five parrots were reintroduced?
A. Its landscape is new to parrots of their kind.
B. It used to be home to parrots of their kind.
C. It is close to where they had been kept.
D. Pine trees were planted to attract birds.
17. The reintroducing experience three years ago shows that man-raised parrots
A. can find their way back home in Jersey
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B. are unable to recognize their parents
C. are unable to adapt to the wild D. can produce a new species 18. Why are researches on parrots important according to the passage?
A. The Trust shows great concern for the programme.
B. We need to know more about how to preserve parrots.
C. Many people are interested in collecting parrots.
D. Parrots‘ intelligence may some day benefit people. 19. According to the passage, people are advised ______.
A. to treat wild and caged parrots equally B. to set up comfortable homes for parrots
C. not to keep wild parrots as pets
D. not to let more parrots go to the wild （C）
It‘s no secret that many children would be healthier and happier with adoptive parents than with the parents that nature dealt them. That‘s especially true of children who remain in abusive homes because the law blindly favors biological parents. It‘s also true of children who suffer for years in foster homes because of parents who can‘t or won‘t care for them but refuse to give up custody rights.
Fourteen-year-old Kimberly Mays fits neither description, but her recent court victory could eventually help children who do. Kimberly has been the object of an angry custody battle between the man who raised her and her biological parents, with whom she has never lived. A Florida judge ruled that the teenager can remain with the only father she‘s ever known and that her biological parents have ―no legal claim‖ on her.
The ruling, though it may yet be reversed, sets aside the principle that biology is the primary determinant of parentage. That‘s an important development, one that‘s long overdue.
Shortly after birth in December 1978, Kimberly Mays and another infant were mistakenly switched and sent home with the wrong parents. Kimberly‘s biological parents, Ernest and Regina Twigg, received a child who died of a heart disease in 1988. Medical tests showed that the child wasn‘t the Twigg‘s own daughter, but Kimt only was, thus sparking a custody battle with Robert Mays. In 1989, the two families agreed that Mr. Mays would maintain custody with the Twiggs getting visiting rights. Those rights were ended when Mr. Mays decided that Kimberly was being harmed.
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The decision to leave Kimberly with Mr. Mays rendered her suit debated. But the judge made clear that Kimberly did have standing to sue on her own behalf. Thus he made clear that she was more than just property to be handled as adults saw fit.
Certainly, the biological link between parent and child is fundamental. But biological parents aren‘t always preferable to adoptive ones, and biological parentage does not convey an absolute ownership that cancels all the rights of children.
20. What was the primary consideration in the Florida judge‘s ruling?
A. The biological link.
C. The child‘s benefits. B. The traditional practice. D. The parents‘ feelings.
21. We can learn from the Kimberly case that ______.
A. children are more than just personal possessions of their parents
B. the biological link between parent and child should be emphasized
C. foster homes bring children more pain and sufferings than care
D. biological parents shouldn‘t claim custody rights after their child is adopted
22.The Twiggs claimed custody rights to Kimberly because ______.
A. they found her unhappy in Mr. Mays‘ custody
B. they regarded her as their property
C. they were her biological parents
D. they felt guilty about their past mistake
23. The author‘s attitude towards the judge‘s ruling could be described as ______.
A. doubtful
C. critical B. cautious D. supportive
（D）
The old-fashioned general store is fast disappearing. This is, perhaps, a pity, because shopping today seems to lack that personal contact which existed when the shopkeeper knew all his regular customers personally. He could, for instance, remember which brand of tea Mrs. Smith usually bought or what sort of washing-powder Mrs. Jones preferred. Not only was the shop a center of buying and selling, but also a social meeting place.
A prosperous general store might have employed four or five assistants, and so there were very few problems in management as far as the staff were concerned. But now that the supermarket has replaced the general store, the job of the manager has changed completely. The modern supermarket manager has to cope with a staff of as many as a 4
hundred, apart from all the other everyday problems of running a large business.
Every morning the manager must, like the commander of an army division, carry out an inspection of his store to make sure that everything is ready for the business of the day. He must see that everything is running smoothly. He will have to give advice and make decisions as problems arise, and he must know how to get his huge staff to work efficiently with their respective responsibilities. No matter what he has to do throughout the day, however, the supermarket manager must be ready for any emergency that may arise. They say in the trade that you are not really an experienced supermarket manager (Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)
24. The shopkeeper was often the most well-informed person in the neighborhood because _____________.
25. The words ―… a flood, a fire, a birth and a death …‖ in the last sentence refer to __________________.
26. Why is it a pity that there are fewer old-fashioned general stores now?
27. What must the manager do every morning?
(E)
Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion – a world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, neither anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist: in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds among members of groups. Society's economic underpinnings (支柱) would be destroyed: Since earning $ 10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives of any kind. For as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.
In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions 5
structure the world for us in important ways. As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an object‘s physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us—hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are "good" and others are "bad", and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life—from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fact, society exploits our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty, morality, pride, shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. It gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal and penal（刑法的）system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts.
28. The reason why people might not be able to stay alive in a world without emotion is
that _________.
A. they would not be able to tell the texture of objects
B. they would not know what was beneficial and what was harmful
C. they would not be happy with a life without love
D. they would do things that hurt each other's feelings
29. It can be inferred from the passage that the economic foundation of society is
dependent on ________.
A. the ability to make money
B. the will to work for pleasure
C.the capacity to enjoy motivations
D. the categorizations of our emotional experience
30. Emotions are significant for man's survival and adaptation because ________.
A. they provide the means by which people view the size or shape of objects
B. they are the basis for the social feeling of agreement by which society is maintained
C. they encourage people to perform dangerous achievements
D. they generate more love than hate among people
31. The emotional aspects of an object are more important than its physical aspects
because they A. help society exploit its members for profit
B. encourage us to perform important tasks
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C. help to perfect the legal and penal system
D. help us adapt our behavior to the world surrounding us
(F)
Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.
It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbot has in life over Zoe Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.
Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively: and 26 of George Bush‘s predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Chirac, Chretien and Koizomi). The world‘s three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world‘s five richest man (Gates, Buffet, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).
Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets struck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.
The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.
32. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars?
A. A kind of overlooked inequality. B. A type of well-planned bias.
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C. A type of personal prejudice.D. A kind of brand discrimination.
33. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?
A. In both East and West, names are essential to success.
B. The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoe Zysman.
C. Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies‘ names.
D. Some form of discriminations is too subtle to recognize.
34. The 4th paragraph suggests that _________.
A. questions are often put to the more intelligent students.
B. alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from class.
C. teachers should pay attention to all of the students.
D. students should be seated according to their eyesight.
35. What does the author mean by ―most people are literally having a ZZZ‖ (para.5)?
A. They are getting impatient. B. They are noisily dozing off.
C. They are feeling humiliated. D. They are busy with word puzzles.
36. Which of the following is true according to the text?
A. People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.
B. VIPS in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.
C. The campaign to eliminate alphabetism stll has a long way to go.
D. Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.
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（A）1-15 BABCA BCDAC BDBAC
（B）BCBC
（C）CACD
（D） 24. the customers exchanged gossip with him while buying things. / the store was a
social meeting place.
25. any emergency that may arise in the store.
26. Because there is less personal contact between managers and customers..
27. He must inspect everything well for the business./ He must get everything ready for the business./ He must prepare well for the business of the day./ He must see to it that all will run smoothly.
(E) BCBD
(F) ADCBD
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