动词的时态和语态
自学导读单
一．一般现在时
1. 表示现在的情况。 I’m a teacher. I speak Chinese.
2. 表示习惯性，经常性的动作。I often get up at five o’clock.
3. 表示客观真理和客观存在及自然现象。The earth goes round the sun.
4. 用于时间、条件等状语从句中，表示将来意义。
If it doesn’t rain, we’ll go on a picnic as planned
5. 表示按时间表拟定的或安排好的事情，或要发生的动作。The train leaves London at six.
6. 用在以here ,there 开头的倒装句中，表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态..
Here comes the bus!There goes the bell.
巩固检测单
1. I _______ all the cooking for my family, but recently I’ve been too busy to do it..
A. will doB. doC. am doingD. had done
A. liveB. lived C. were livingD. will live
3. Chinese married couple ______ red packets to children during the Chinese New Year.
A. giveB. have been giving C. are divingD. have given
4. --- Is everyone here?
--- Not yet… Look, there _____ the rest of our guests!
A. comeB. comesC. is comingD. are coming
5. Hurry! The train _____ . You know it _______ at 8:30 am.
A. leaves, leavesB. is leaving, leaves C. leaves, is leavingD. is leaving, leaving
二． 一般过去时
1. 过去发生的事或存在的状态。
She looked very well when I last saw her.
The person you are looking for went away just now.
2. 表示过去经常、反复发生的动作。
I always got up too late, and never had enough time for breakfast.
3.在时间、条件等状语从句中，表示过去将来的动作。
She said she would come if I promised to wait for her.
巩固检测单
1. If the weather had been better, we could have gone outing, But it ____ all day.
A. rainedB. rains C. has rained D. is raining
2. My father _______ as a painter for about five years, but now he is a teacher.
A. worked B. had workedC. works D. has working 2. My parents ________ in Hong Kong. They were born there and have never lived anywhere else.
3. The other day, I _____ for a picnic with my classmates.
A. wentB. go C. will goD. would go
4. Excuse me, I ______ I was blocking your way.
A. didn’t realize B. don’t realize C. haven’t realized D. wasn’t realizing
5. When I was a child, I _______ football for many years.
A. playedB. plays C. was playing D. has played
6. --- Has your father returned from Africa yet?
--- Yes, but he _______ here for only three days before his company sent him to Australia.
A. wasB. has been C. will be D. would be
7. It’s time that I met my friend at the airport.
A. meet B. will meetC. metD. meeting
8. Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he ______.
A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy D. will be busy
9. --- You speak very good French!
--- Thanks. I ______ French in Sichuan University for four years.
A. studied B. study C. was studying D. had studied
三．一般将来时
1. will/ shall + v 原形 表示将来的动作或状态。will 还可以表示临时决定要做某事。
---Have you called him?
---Sorry, I forgot. I will call him now.
2. 一般现在时表将来表示既定的时间如生日、日历、课时安排等。
The plane takes off at 15:05.
School finishes on January 18th.
3. 某些表示位置转移的动词用现在进行时表将来，表示按计划、安排不久将要发生的动作。 I am leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.
We are going to the cinema tonight.
4. be going to + v原形表示打算做某事或有迹象表明要发生某事。
They are going to hold a meeting to discuss it.
Look at the cloud. It’s going to rain.
5 . be about to + 动词原形表示打算或根据安排即将发生的动作。它不与表示具体时间状语连用但可以与when引导的时间状语从句连用。
The English evening is about to start.
5. 在时间状语或条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。
When you meet him, tell him to come to my place.
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the Great Wall.
6. be to do 表示计划、命令、想要。
They are to meet at the school gate.(计划)
No one is to leave the room.(命令)
If you are to succeed , you must study hard.(想要)
巩固检测单
1. If you ______ the game, you will have to train hard.
A. are to win B. are about to win C. are going to win D. will win
2. We were about to leave school ______ it began to snow.
A. whenB. while C. as D. before
3. --- Ann is in hospital.
---Oh, really? I _______ know. I ______ go and visit her.
A. didn’t, am going to B. don’t, would C. don’t, will D. didn’t, will
4. --- Do you think we should accept their offer?
--- Yes, we should, for we ____ such bad luck so far, and time _______ out.
A. have had, is running B. had, is running C. have, has been run D. have had, has been run
四．现在进行时
Listen! The girl is playing the piano in the next room.
2. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作。
I am helping my dad on the farm this summer vacation.
3. always, forever与进行时连用表达说话者的某种感情色彩。
She is always thinking of others instead of herself.
Why are you always coming late for class?
巩固检测单
1. --- I hear you ______ at Smith’s.
--- Yes, I _____ there for about three months.
A. work, had been working B. worked, was working
C. are working, have been workingD. worked, have worked
2. Young people _____ their health because they spend too much time playing computer games.
A. have damaged B. are damaging C. damaged D. will damage
3. They won’t buy any new clothes because they _____ money to buy a new car.
A. save B. were savingC. have saved D. are saving
4. I don’t like Tom, who ______ those in trouble without giving a hand to them.
A. always laughs at B. has always worse laughed at C. is always laughing at D. was always laughed at
5. My headache ______ me. I thought it was going away ,but now it’s getting worse and worse.
A. is killing B. was killing C. killsD. killed
6. --- I’m not finished with my dinner yet.
--- But our friends ______ for us.
A. will wait B. wait C. have waited D. are waiting
五．过去进行时
1.过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在发生的动作。
At 7:00 last night I was having dinner.
I was writing a letter last night.
巩固检测单
1．--- Did you notice my little son Tom just now?
--- No, Mrs Black. I _______ computer games.
A. play B. am playing C. would play D. was playing
2. I was out of town at the time, so I don’t know exactly how it _______.
A. was happening B. happened C. happens D. has happened
3. I walked slowly through the market, where people ______ all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I need.
A. sell B. were selling C. had sold D. have sold
六．过去将来时
1. 表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或状态。常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。
He said that he would wait for me at the gate.
Last week, he promised that he would come, but he hasn’t arrived until now.
巩固检测单
1. He said he _______ to his hometown the next month.
A. would return B. return C. had returnedD. returns
2. -- Lucy, you didn’t come to the ball last night?
-- I ______, but I had an unexpected visitor.
A. had to B. didn’t C. was going to D. wouldn’t
3. When he _____ the door, he found his keys were nowhere.
A. would open B. opened C. had opened D. was to open
七．现在完成时
1.表示说话之前已经完成的动作，而且这个动作的结果对现在仍有影响。
I have just come back from the United States.
He has already phoned me about it.
2. 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，而且还可能继续下去的动作或状态。
I have lived here for ten years.
He has made many friends since he come to China.
Great changes in every field have taken place in the last ten years.
3. 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用现在完成时代替将来完成时。
I’ll go home as soon as I’ve finished all my homework.
Don’t get off until the bus has stopped.
4. 用在It’s the first / second / last time that 从句中。
This is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family. 巩固检测单.
1. Up to now, the program ________ thousands of children who would otherwise
have died.
A. would save B. saves C. had saved D. has saved
2. – I’m sorry, but I don’t quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?
-- Sorry, I ________ myself clear. We want to return on October20.
A. hadn’t made B. wouldn’t make C. don’t make D. haven’t made
3. –- When shall we restart our business?
-- Not until we ________ our plan.
A. will finish B. are finishing C. are to finish D. have finished
4. Mary, I should tell you it is the third time that you _____ your homework.
A. forgot to do B. forgot doing C. have forgotten to do D. had forgotten doing
5. -- _____ you _____ him around our village yet?
-- Yes, We had a great time there and enjoyed the fresh air.
A. Have, shown B. Do, show C. Had, shown D. Did, show
6. It seems that you ______ this report or you can see what I questioned just now.
A. haven’t read B. don’t read C. didn’t read D. hadn’t read
八．过去完成时
1. 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作。
By the end of last year, another new cinema had been built in our city.
I had learnt 5,000 words before I entered the university.
By the time I got to school, class had begun.
2. 用在表示“一…就…”的几个固定句型中。
Hardly ( No sooner ) had I got home when (than) the train poured down.
Scarcely had the game started when it began to rain.
3. intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等动词的过去完成时可用来表示一个
本来打算做而实际上没有做的事情。这种用法也可表示过去未曾实现的设想、意图、或希望，含有某种惋惜。
I had intended to call on you yesterday, but someone came to see me just when I was about to leave.
I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at the moment.
巩固检测单
1. She stared at the painting, wondering where she ______ it.
A. saw B. has seenC. seesD. had seen
2. I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone _____ it. Was it you?
A. has done B. had done C. would do D. will do
3. It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate
What they _______ for me.
A. had done B. did C. would do D. were doing
4.-–Peter, where did you guys go for the summer vacation?
-- Webusy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves.
A. wereB. have been C. had been D. will be
5. --Were you surprised by the ending of the film?
-- No, I the book, so I already knew the story.
A. was reading B. had read C. am reading D. have read
九． 现在完成进行时
1. 表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且现在还在进行。
I have been learning English since three years ago. (现在还在学)
The workers have been building the bridge for five months. (现在还在建)
2. 表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，在说话时刚刚结束。
Where have you been? We have been looking for you everywhere.
巩固检测单
1. We ______ on this project for four hours. Let’s have a rest.
A. are working B. have been working C. worked D. had worked
2. I have to see the doctor because I ______ a lot lately.
A. have been coughing B. had coughed C. coughed D. cough
3. I’m too tired now, for I ________ for about five hours without a break.
A. worked B. have worked C. have been working D. work
4.— I’m sure Andrew will pass the driving test.
-- I think so. He _____ for it for months.
A. is preparing B. was preparing C. had been preparing D. has been preparing
5. In the last few months, I _____ for the coming examination.
A. have been preparing B. have been prepared C. was preparing D. prepared
6. She ought to stop work, she has a headache because she ___all day.
A. has been reading B. had read C. is reading D. read
十． 将来进行时
表示将来某个时刻正在发生的动作或者将来某一段时间内正在进行的动作。
I will be having a gathering party with my friends at this time tomorrow.
I will be having a meeting from 2:30 to 5:30 tomorrow afternoon.
巩固检测单
1. – Guess what, we’ve got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK this summer.
- How nice! You _____ a different culture then.
A. will be experiencingB. have experienced C. have been experiencing
D. will have experienced
2. If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you ________ fresh watermelon in the fall.
A. eatB. would eat C. have eaten D. will be eating
3. Daniel’s family ______ their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.
A. are enjoying B. are to enjoy C. will enjoy D. will be enjoying
拓展提升单
1. – What were you doing when Tom came to see you?
- I _____ on my overcoat and was leaving to visit a friend of mine.
A. have just put B. was put C. had just put D. was putting
2. Our new English teacher, who is said to have moved back to China, ______ in America for almost ten years.
A. lived B. has lived C. was living D. had lived
3. “ The moment _____ soon,” he thought to himself, waiting nervously.
A. is coming B. was coming C. came D. has come
4. – Hi, Li Hua. Do you still remember the first time we met?
- Sure. You _____ dinner with your friends in a restaurant.
A. have B. had C. were having D. have had
5. Sun Yang, a young Chinese swimming talent, ____ several gold medals before the 2012 London Olympics was held.
A. won B. has won C. had won D. were to won
6.- I’ll be able to come to see your performance at 20: 30 tomorrow.
- I’m sorry, by then my performance ______ and I ______ reporters in the meeting room.
A. will be ended; will meet B. is to end; will meet
C. will have ended; will be meeting D. will be ended; am going to meet
7. – Beg your pardon, but I didn’t quite catch what you said.
- Oh, I _____ to myself.
A. have talked B. am talking C. had talked D. was talking
8. Cheer up! ______ things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life.
A. Taking B. To take C. Take D. Taken
9. It was announced that only when the fire was under control ____ to return to their homes.
A. the residents would be permitted B. had the residents been permitted
C. would the residents be permitted D. the residents had been permitted
10.- What are you going to do this afternoon ?
- I am going to the cinema with some friends. The film ____ quite early, so we ____
to the bookstore after that.
A. finished; are going B. finished; go C. finishes; are going
D. finishes; go
11.- I have just received another message, telling me I have won a big prize.
-Don’t jump on it. You ______.
A. should be cheated B. are being cheated
C. are cheating D. must have cheated
12. –Was the driving pleasant when you vacationed in Mexico last summer?
- No, it _____ for four days when we arrived, so the roads were very muddy.
A. was raining B. has been raining C. had been raining D. would be raining
13. – Look! Somebody ____ the sofa.
- Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it.
A. is cleaning B. was cleaning C. has cleaned D. had cleaned
14. – I hear you _____ in a pub. What’s it like?
- Well, it’s very hard work and I’m always tired, but I don’t mind.
A. are working B. will work C. were working D. will be working
15. The novel written by the author _____ best, but five years ago no one could have imagined how great a role he _____ in the literary world.
A. selling; was playing B. sells; was to play C. sold; had played
D. sells; is playing
16. – Does your Dad quit smoking, Jenny?
- Yes, but he ____ for almost ten years.
A. smoked B. was smoking C. smokes D. had smoked
17. – Alvin, are you coming with us?
- I’d love to, but something unexpected ______.
A. has come up B. was coming up C. had come up D. would come up
18. I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers _____ before my eyes.
A. swim B. swum C. swamD. had swum
19. “ Life is like walking in the snow,” Granny used to say, “ because every step ____.”
A. has shown B. is showing C. shows D. showed
20. After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it ______.
A. was decorated B. had decorated C. had been decorating D. was being decorated
答案，不打印
拓展提升单Key: CAACC CDCCC BCCAB AACCD
巩固检测单Key:一. BAAAB 二. AAAAAACAA 三.AADA 四. CBDCAD
五. DbB 六.AcD 七. DDDCAA 八. DBACB 九. BACDAA 十. ADD
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