?????????专业?? 权威?? 轻松?? 快乐???????中共中央党校考博英语一本通?
2013年中央党校博士研究生入学考试英语试题
Ⅰ Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)
Direction: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentences. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
1. Reaching a deal on tax reform would be a huge undertaking, with potential political pitfalls that could doom it.
A. triteB. rife
C. revelingD. trifling
2. Much as officials still say that China cannot carry the burden of international governance, they A. dismissive of B. disincentive to
C. disturbingD. dissipating Conservative Party but which could have profound implications for the party and the country.
A. in lineB. in the line
C. on lineD. on the line
4. The Malaysian government announced in a written statement last week that the policy to restructure A. to formulate B. to be formulated
C. as formulated D. so as to formulate
5. Development programs initiated in the tribal-dominated areas often adversely affected the tribal areas or land by non-tribals.
A. encroachment B. expansion
C. enormityD. elevation
6. Nye argues that the interests of the international community are not illusory, that they areof our national interests, which can not be achieved without help from other nations.
A. particleB. part and parcel
C. particlesD. parts and parcels
to lull consciousness of the implementers and make them those who are from different groups.
A. dominant … bear the sight ofB. disproportionate … set their sights on
C. uncanny … lose sight of D. inherent … catch sight of
8. Americans have a profound longing for heroes—now perhaps more than ever. On some level, we A. succeed toB. subscribe to
C. succeed against D. subside into
9. A landscape architect must be familiar with mathematics, science, engineering, art and technology. He must also at dealing with politicians, public interest groups and government agencies.
A. enthusiasticB. reluctant
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C. adaptD. adept
the plenty, and distribution of materials conducing to life.
A. consists of B. consists in
C. is consistent with D. is composed of
11. She is a living proof that a TV celebrity with the highest aspirations can survive in a medium A. out of bottom B. at the bottom
C. to the bottom D. on the bottom
12. Ms. Turkle can sound focusing on their computers as they drink their coffee bothers her.
A. sanctimony B. sanctity
C. sanctimonious D. sanctuary
13. We are in the midst of a great investigation of those environmental questions. We do the Earth choices.
A. gratitude B. benefits
C. disservice D. favor
14. A man who becomes conscious of the responsibility he bears toward a human being who A. how … why B. why … how
C. when … what D. where … how credibility when we can point to the reason for it.
A. disheartened B. disheartening
C. enlightening D. enlightened
16. Their solution was to enroll their children in private schools, which, because they received no .
A. discrimination B. segregation
C. controversy D. apportionment
entering the civil condition, the civil condition itself would be impossible.
A. anterior before B. posterior to
C. prior before D. prior to
18. He was the king of farce and the most influential neoclassical playwright. His characters were much as possible.
A. depictB. ridicule
C. amuseD. imitate
19. Examine the data over time, and you’ll find irrefutable evidence of progress: the decline of privilege based on race, gender, heredity and beliefs.
A. the spread … the waning B. the spreading … the wane
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C. the spreads … the wanes D. the spreading … the waning
20. The audience cheered as Number three had rowed himself out and was slumped over his oar at .
A. dead line B. finished line
C. finishing line D. finish line
Ⅱ Cloze (10 points)
Directions: For each of the blanks, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best fits the blank and mark your choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
Broadly speaking, In the period of the 1960s and 1970s, those working for social justice against the background of a “world under construction”—thought and action remained allied and the link to policy In the 1980s and early 1990s, those intellectuals working for social justice in education faced sustained attack. In this later period, detached from action and divorced from policy, the public intellectual was force into an increasingly abstract position of arguing though words for policies and activities terrain to occupy and yet there are many examples of people who continued to social justice in race, gender and class terms.
I am reminded of a film I watch on the American Civil War. As the South was progressively commentator said all that was left was a “confederacy of the mind”—a collective memory of an aspiration.
confederacy of mind”. For one I will make with great force is that the largest problem welfare state—is people’s “collective memory” of good public service, of commitments to reenergize and reinvent new projects and programs for social justice, for memories and role for the educational researcher in Britain, and do so in ways informed by collective memories of social justice initiatives. This should, hopefully, presage a new investigation of the role of educational researcher as public intellectual, moving us a new phase after the hopeful years of the 1960s and early 1970s and the reversal in the two decades that followed. Now re-establishing some old master narrative of social justice—more voices and visions, a moving mosaic of intentions and plans.
21. A. had divided B. divided
C. had been dividing D. have been dividing
22. A. undertook B. undertake C. accepted D. accept
23. A. far enough B. enough far C. close enough D. enough close
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24. A. the dearly B. the most dearly
C. dearlyD. the more dearly
25. A. were subject B. were subjected to
C. are subject to D. are subjected to
26. A. argue against B. argue for C. argue with D. argue to
27. A. more and more B. more C. less D. less and less
28. A. In some way B. In some ways C. In a way D. In ways
29. A. of B. for C. in D. by
30. A. assertion B. announcement C. allege D. assessment
31. A. will face B. face C. faced D. has faced
32. A. rather B. whether C. either D. even
Reentrant B. reinvigorate C. reinforce D. reeducate 33. A.
34. A. remarkably
35. A. looking into
millenarian 36. A. B. remarking C. remarked D. remarkable B. looking onto C. looking to D. looking forward to B. millennium C. millennial D. millenary
37. A forward to B. away to C. into D. onto
38. A. for exploring B. to explore C. with exploration D. for exploration
39. A. talking with B. talking about C. talking over D. talking to
40. A. a lot of B. a bit of C. a number of D. a set of
Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 points)
Section A (30 points)
Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Machine-scoring Answer sheet.
Passage 1
Why pick up what literary history so resolutely discards? Any study of bestsellers confronts the same question as does the decaf, no-fat latte drinker in Starbucks: “Why bother?” One justification, and the easiest demonstrated, is their interesting peculiarity. Like other ephemera of past times, bestsellers offer the charm of antiquarian quaintness. And, so short is their lifespan, that today’s bestsellers become yesterday’s fiction almost as soon as one had read them.
Looking back through the lists is to uncover delightful cultural oddities. Consider, for example, the top-selling novel of 1923 in the United States, Black Oxen, by Gertrude Atherton. Recall too that the discriminating reader of that year had James Joyce’s Ulysses, T.S. Eliot’s The Waste Land.
The allusion signals grand literary pretension; pretension absurdly unmerited. None the less, the novel’s theme was, for the first time, both topical and sensational—rejuvenation. For humans, that is, not cattle.
The narrative opens in a New York theatre. A brilliant young newspaperman, Lee Clavering, is struck by a beautiful woman in the audience. Investigation reveals that she is facially identical with a young “belle” of thirty years before, Mary Ogden. Miss Ogden married a Hungarian diplomat, Count Zattiany, and has never been heard of since. Speculations rages, but eventually
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the truth comes out: Ogden/Zattiany has been rejuvenated in Vienna by Dr Steinach’s new X-ray technique. By bombarding a woman’s ovaries at the period of menopause, the ageing process is reversible.
When news of the wonderful process hits the newspapers, “civil war threatens”. And luckless Clavering finds himself in love with a woman old enough to be his mother. On the other side, he himself is obsessively loved by a flapper, Janet Oglethorpe, young enough to be his daughter, who drinks illegal hooch and attends “petting parties”. The plot thickens, madly, thereafter. It is nonsense—just as, medically, Steinanch’s X-ray miracles was nonsense. In 1922 Atherton herself had received the Viennese doctor’s rejuvenation treatment. It seems, from publicity pictures, to have done little for her beauty. But tosh fiction and quack science as it may be, Black Oxen fits, hand-in-glove, with its period. And no other period.
However absurd it seems to the modern reader, Atherton’s novel reflects, and dramatizes, contemporary anxiety about women’s freedoms. The 1920s was the era of the “flappers”—the perpetually young girl-woman. British women in this decade had, after long struggle, the vote—but only if they were over 30, after which the heyday in the female blood was conceived to have been sufficiently cooled to make rational political decisions.
Black Oxen, the top novel in the US in 1923, is inextricably “of” its period. It could have been published 15 years later. But out of its immediate time-and-place frame, Black Oxen would have no more “worked” than a fish out of water. Nor would it, in other days, have been what is was, “the book of the day”. The day made the book, as much as events of the day made newspaper headlines in1923. This hand-in-glove quality is inextricably linked with the ephemerality of bestsellerism.
41. Why does the author mention Ulysses and The Waste Land in paragraph 2?
A. They were bestsellers just second to Black Oxen in 1923.
B. They were more popular than Black Oxen in 1923
C. As contemporary novels of Black Oxen, they were not popular in 1923.
D. As bestsellers of 1923, they were not as popular as Black Oxen.
42. According to the passage, all of the following art true about Black Oxen EXCEPT.
A. Though the writer of Black Oxen did get a treatment for keeping young, but it looked
unsuccessful.
B. Black Oxen implied that the X-ray technique was welcomed by women who were in
menopause.
C. Black Oxen was very popular in 1923 when people believed in pseudo science about a
renewal of youthfulness.
D. Count Zattiany appeared in Black Oxen as a minor-character.
A. anger greatlyB. prevail uncontrollably
C. rake up D. presume daringly
44. Which of the following sentence can best express the meaning of the highlighted sentence in the last paragraph?
A. The ethos of 1923 for Black Oxen is just like water for fish.
B. Without its time-and-space, Black Oxen would have enjoyed its popularity for a longer
time.
C. Without water, Black Oxen would lose its popularity.
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D. Black Oxen would not have been produced if it wasn’t treated like a fish.
45. According to the passage, which of the following is true about a bestseller?
A. A bestseller only caters for its own time.
B. A bestseller is liable to tell a love triangle story.
C. A bestseller cannot be written by an old female writer.
D. A bestsellers is a great literary work, though it is strange.
Passage 2
Classics is a subject that exists in that gap between us and the world of the Greeks and Romans. The questions raised by Classics are the questions raised by our distance from ‘their’ world, and at the same time by our closeness to it, and by its familiarity to us in our museums, in our literature, languages, culture, and ways of thinking. The aim of Classics is not only to discover or uncover the ancient world (though that is part of it, as the rediscovery of Bassae). Its aim is also to define and debate our relationship to that world. This book will explore that relationship, and its history, starting from a spectacle that is familiar, but, at the same time, as we shall see, can become puzzling and strange: dismembered fragments of an ancient Greek temple put on show in the heart of modern London. In Latin the word “museum” once indicated “a temple of the Muses”; in what respects is the modern museum the right place to preserve treasures from a classical temple? Does it only look the part?
The issues raised by Bassae provide a model for understanding Classics in its widest sense. Of course, Classics is about more than the physical remains, the architecture, sculpture, pottery, and painting, of ancient Greece and Rome. It is also about the poetry, drama, philosophy, science, and history written in the ancient world, and still read and debated as part of our culture. But here too, essentially similar issues are at stake, questions about how we are to reed literature which has a history of more than 2,000 years, written in a society very distant and different from our own.
To read Plato’s writings on philosophical topics, for example, involves facing that difference, and trying to understand a society, the ancient Greece, in which writing came not in printed books but on papyrus rolls, each one copied by the hand of a slave; and in which “philosophy” as still thought of as an activity that went on in the open air life of the city, and was part of a social world of drinking and dinner. Even when philosophy became a subject for study in lecture and classroom, in its own right, it remained a very different business from our own academic tradition—for all that Plato’s school was the original “Academy” named after a suburb of Athens.
On the other hand, remote or not, to read Plato is also to read philosophy that belongs to us, not just to them. Plato is still the most commonly read philosopher in the world; and as we read him now, we inevitably read his as part of “our” philosophical tradition, in the light of all those philosophers who have come since, who themselves had read Plato.
Every survival form the classical world is, of course, unique. At the same time, as this book will show, there are some problems, stories, question, significances that all those survivals hold in common; there is a place in “our” cultural story that they (and only they) share. That, and reflection on that, amounts to Classics.
46. According to the passage, which of the following can be inferred about Classics?
A. Classics can only be understood from the treasure in the modern museums.
B. Classics may just be snapshots of the ancient world.
C. Classics are not only for one age but also for all the time.
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D. Only those appearing in ancient Greece can be call Classics.
47. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of Plato?
A. Plato lived in a time when paper was made from the papyrus plant.
B. Plato lived in a time when philosophy is part of people’s daily life.
C. Plato’s writings were found in the TEMPLE OF Bassae.
D. Plato’s writings are read by all people both in ancient times and at present.
48. The word them.
A. the ancient people B. Plato’s students
C. the Greek slavesD. philosophers
A. conclusion B. afterword
C. preface D. book review
50. The title that best expresses the idea of the passage is .
A. Us and Them: Classics B. Philosophy and Plato
C. Museum and Classics D. Classics
Passage 3
In 1871 the Paris Commune which, as mentioned, was the first socialist revolution, was also the last one to take place in a country that was part of the capitalist center. The twentieth century inaugurated—with the “awakening of the peoples of the peripheries”—a new chapter in history. Its first manifestations were the revolution in Iran (1907), in Mexico (1910-1920), China (1911), and “semi-peripheral” Russia in 1905. This awakening of the peoples and nations of the periphery was carried forward in the Revolution of 1917, the Arabo-Muslim Nahda, the constitution of the Young Turk movement (1908), the Egyptian Revolution of 1919, and the formation of the Indian Congress (1885).
In reaction to the first long crisis of historical capitalism (1875-1950), the peoples of the periphery began to liberate themselves around 1914-1917, mobilizing themselves under the flags of socialism (Russia, China, Vietnam, Cuba) or of national liberation (India, Algeria) associated to different degrees with progressive social reforms. They took the path to industrialization, hitherto forbidden by the domination of the old imperialism, forcing the latter to “adjust” to this first wave of independent initiatives of the peoples, nations, and states of the peripheries. From 1917 to the time when the “Bandung project” (1955-1980) ran out of steam and Sovietism collapsed in 1990, these were the initiatives that dominated the scene.
I do not see the two long crises of aging monopoly capitalism in terms of long Kondratieff cycles, but as two stages in both the decline of historical globalized capitalism and the possible transition to socialism. Nor do I see the 1914-1915 period exclusively as “the 30 years” war for the succession to “British hegemony.” I see this period also as the long war conducted by the imperialist centers against the first awakening of the peripheries (East and South).
This first wave of the awakening of the peoples of the periphery wore out for many reasons, including its own internal limitations and contradictions, and imperialism’s success in finding new ways of dominating the world system (through the control of technological invention, access to resources, the globalized financial system, communication and information technology, weapons of mass destruction).
Nevertheless, capitalism underwent a second long crisis that began in the 1970s, exactly one
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hundred years after the first one. The reaction of capital to this crisis were the same as it had had to the previous one: reinforced concentration, which gave rise to generalized monopoly capitalism, globalization (“liberal”), and financialization. But the moment of triumph—the second “belle époque” from 1990 to 2008, echoing the first “belle époque”, from 1890 to 1914—of the new collective imperialism of the Triad (United States, Europe, and Japan) was indeed brief. A new epoch of chaos, wars and revolutions emerged. In this situation, the second wave of the awakening of the nations of the periphery (which had already started) now refused to allow the collective imperialism of the Triad to maintain its dominate positions, other than through the military control of the planet.
51. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as revolution in the passage?
A. The “semi-peripheral” Russia in 1905
B. The British hegemony
C. The Egyptian Revolution of 1919
D. The Paris Commune
.
A. a term in politics
B. a term in economics
C. a term in ecology
D. a term in sociology
53. How do the peoples, nations, and states of the peripheries force the historical capitalism to
“adjust” to their first wave of independent initiatives?
A. through socialism
B. through national liberation
C. through industrialization
D. through financial globalization
54. Which of the following can best explain the idea of last sentence of the passage?
A. The second wave of the awakening of the nations of the periphery had already started,
which now refused to allow the collective imperialism of the Triad to maintain its dominant positions. In this situation, the imperialism had to resort to the military control of the planet.
B. The second wave of the awakening of the nations of the periphery (which had already
started) now couldn’t accept the collective imperialism of the Triad maintaining its dominant positions and they had to resort to the military control of the planet in this situation.
C. In this situation, the second wave of the awakening of the nations of the periphery had
already started, which now couldn’t accept the collective imperialism of the Triad maintaining its dominant positions through the military control of the planet.
D. In this situation, the second wave of the awakening of the nations of the periphery (which
had already started) now refused to allow the collective imperialism of the Triad to maintain its dominant positions, let alone to allow it to achieve this aim through the military control of the planet.
55. Which of the following statements can best explain the main idea of the passage?
A. The second wave of the awakening of the nations of the periphery now refused to allow
the collective imperialism of the Triad to maintain its dominant positions.
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B. People in the periphery have no alternative than to opt for a different development path.
C. The initiative of the historical development spontaneously passes to the peoples and
nations of the periphery.
D. The twentieth century inaugurated—with the “awakening of the peoples of the
peripheries”—a new chapter in history.
Passage 4
Davos 2012 is shaping up to be the year when the forum’s bank participants try to fade into the background and finally put the financial crisis behind them. Public panels include only two or three devoted to financial services. At the more productive private meetings around the fringes, bankers say discussion is more upbeat than it has been since the crisis began half a decade ago. Improving euro-zone sentiment and a slowly brightening mood among banks’ corporate clients is heartening for bankers. All the same, no one can let go of the topic that has most vexed them for years: ever-increasing regulation.
On the core euro-zone discussion, the tone is of cautious optimism. “The system is slowly coming back to life,” said one investment bank boss, pointing to steady signs of euro-zone recovery, most recently evident in this week’s Spanish sovereign debt auction. “There’s definitely a change of tone,” added the board member of a US bank. “Our clients are definitely more upbeat.” Around that average sentiment views ranged widely, stretching from the complacent to the doom-laden. “It’s hard to see what could go wrong,” said one investment bank boss. This was in stark contrast with a warning from Axel Weber, chairman of UBS and ex-president of Germany’s Bundesbank, who said that patchwork fixes by central banks were just disguising problems that will return. “We’re living a better life now at the expense of future generations,” Mr. Weber said.
As at recent Davos forums, the regulatory agenda has provided a focus. Bankers this year have bemoaned the breakdown in an international regulatory framework. Mr Weber said: “You need a global standard. But this is not happening.” He warned that, without a harmonized rule book, the dangers in the global banking system would increase. He contrasted the “Alpine” capital requirements in Switzerland with the diverse structural reforms under way in the US, the UK and potentially the EU.
Worse still was the failure of policy makers to look across the financial services industry and join up the thinking on how banks and insurers should be regulated, critics said. One chief executive of a large US financial group said the regulatory situation was “really horrific”. “If you take a nice business like the insurance business,” the chief executive said. “Here’s an industry that went through the crisis and had almost no problems. They’ve put in a whole new regulatory regime to make sure they can’t make money. It’s astonishing.” Another bank boss said privately he was “extremely worried” about the inability of European insurance companies to finance banks, under the prospective Solvency II rules. Tijuana Thiam, chief executive of UK insurer Prudential, said: “There is a lack of joined-up thinking. The insurance industry is [traditionally] the biggest investor in the banking industry but Solvency II says we can’t invest in banks.”
Friction was also evident between investors and companies – particularly financial groups. Paul Singer, head of Elliott Capital Management, slammed banks for “completely opaque” disclosures that made it impossible to know whether they were “risky or sound”. Most pernicious of all among the regulatory initiatives, several bankers said, was the ongoing – and arguably worsening – sense of uncertainty over what regulators and politicians have in mind next,
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particularly in Europe.
56. How would you characterize the atmosphere at Davos forums 2013?
A. Traditional B. Proactive
C. Frictional D. Sanguine
A. future generations will have to pay for the life we live today
B. we are living a better life than future generations
C. central banks will comb back with solutions to the financial problems
D. measures taken so far have not been effective enough.
.
A. there is a lack of consensus among bankers with regard to who should be held responsible
for the financial crisis.
B. bank participants at recent Davos forums believe that they need more private discussions
of the financial issues than public ones.
C. problems would come back to haunt the world financial sector without a unified
regulatory regime.
D. experts argue that a book should be written and published that discusses the various
structural reform being undertaken.
A. comprehensive study of the financial sector is absent
B. a regulatory framework is absent
C. financial sector regulation lacks focus
D. banks and insurance companies have conflicting interests
.
A. banks fail to discover the real causes of the crisis
B. banks fail to unveil their financial conditions
C. banks do not have sufficient information on the market
D. banks do not fully operate with the companies
(注意：请将以下各题答案写在答题纸上)
Section B (10 points)
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with five questions. After you have read the passage, answer the questions 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 in English on the Answer Sheet.
Passage 5
In my view, such a mechanical prediction misses the mark. For one thing, countries sometimes react to the rise of a single power by “bandwagoning”, mush as Mussolini did when he decided to ally with Hitler. Proximity to and perceptions of threat also affect the way in which countries react. The United States benefits from its geographical separation from Europe and Asia in that it often appears as a less proximate threat than neighboring countries inside those regions. Indeed, in 1945, the United States was by far the strongest nation on earth, and a mechanical application of balancing theory would have predicted an alliance against it. Instead , Europe and Japan allied with the Americans because the Soviet Union, while weaker in overall power, posed a greater military threat because of its geographical proximity and its lingering revolutionary ambitions. Today, Iraq and Iran both dislike the United States and might be expected to work
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together to balance American power in the Persian Gulf, but they worry even more about each other. Nationalism can also complicate predictions. For example, if North Korea and South Korea are reunited, they should have a strong incentive to maintain an alliance with a distant power such as the United States in order to balance their two giant neighbors, China and Japan. But intense nationalism resulting in opposition to an American presence could change this if American diplomacy is heavy-headed. Non-state actors can also have an effect, as witnessed by the way cooperation against terrorists changed some states’ behavior after September 2001.
A good case can be made that inequality of power can be a source of peace and stability. No matter how power is measured, some theorists argue, an equal distribution of power among major states has been relatively rare in history, and efforts to maintain a balance have often led to war. On the other hand, inequality of power ahs often led to peace and stability because there was little point in declaring war on a dominant state. The political scientist Robert Gilpin has argued that “Pax Britannica and Pax Americana, like the Pax Romana, ensured an international system of relative peace and security.” And the economist Charles Kindleberger claimed that “for the world economy to be stabilized there has to be a stabilizer, one stabilizer.” Global governance requires a large state to take the lead. But how much and what kind of inequality of power is necessary—or tolerable—and for how long? If the leading country defines its interests narrowly and uses its weight arrogantly, it increases the incentives for others to coordinate to escape its hegemony.
Some countries chafe under the weight of American power more than others. Hegemony is sometimes used as a term of opprobrium by political leaders in countries such as Russia. The term is used less often or less negatively in countries where American soft power is strong. If hegemony means being able to dictate, or at least dominate, the rules and arrangements by which international relations are conducted, then the United States is hardly a hegemony today. It does have a predominant voice and vote in the IMP, but it cannot alone choose the director. It has not been about to prevail over Europe and Japan in the WTO. It opposed the Land Mines Treaty but could not prevent it from coming into existence.
Answer the following questions briefly according to what you have just read.
1. According to this passage, what does the “mechanical prediction” in the first sentence predict?
2. What is the meaning of “if American diplomacy is heavy-headed”?
3. Please list all the factors that affect the ways in which countries’ react to a stronger power.
4. What point does Robert Gilpin try to make in his observation quoted in paragraph 2?
5. What should the leading country do to ensure that other countries would work with it?
ⅣTranslation (15 points)
Directions: Put the underlined sentences into Chinese, and write your translation on the Answer
Sheet.
There are at least two ways of talking about contemporary cosmopolitan cultures. The first is to suggest that cosmopolitan cultures are the depthless commercial pleasure of the increasingly ?11?/?24?
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culture into the rise of a new middle and upper class of cappuccino drinkers. Here cosmopolitanism can be contrasted with the more local and national cultural definitions that are available to poor and working people. Such a view set up a simple contrast between cosmopolitans However, the second version of cosmopolitanism has a more overtly ethical vision than one The version of cosmopolitanism I wish to defend has more to do with ethics and selfhood this regard. For example, Friedman has argued that intellectuals and elites who wish to talk of hybridity and cosmopolitanism are largely writing from the “particular” viewpoint of emphasize how all forms of cultural and symbolic production lack the primordial unity of fixity to a connection between questions of identity and ethics missed by Friedman. What Bhabha describes as the uncovering of the “contestation and flux” of identity has contributed to the cosmopolitan project. Many post-colonial writers in this respect point to the partial blindness of
ⅤComposition (15 points)
Directions: Write a composition of 200 words in about 40 minutes on the following topic. Remember to write in readable handwriting on the Answer sheet.
How to Reduce Corruption in Civil Government? Your writing should be based on the outline given below:
(1) List some signs of government corruption;
(2) State the seriousness of phenomenon;
(3)The measures (steps) taken to combat them.
2013年中央党校博士入学考试英语试题答案与解析
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?????????专业?? 权威?? 轻松?? 快乐???????中共中央党校考博英语一本通?
I．Vocabulary
1．A(句意)达成税改协议将是一项艰巨任务，因为到处都潜在政治风险。
(解析)形容词辨析题。trite陈腐的；rife充满的，普遍的；reveling陶醉的；trifling微不足道。根据句子意思，B符合题意。
2．A(句意)尽管官员们依然讲着陈词滥调，称中国不能肩负起国际治理的重担，但他们也拒绝这样的构想：让中国参与到华盛顿制定的一整套规则中，成为一个利益相关者。
(解析)动词辨析题。dismissive of拒绝考虑；disincentive to阻碍因素；disturbing使人不安；dissipating：消除，驱散。根据句子意思，A符合题意。
3．D(句意)英国首相戴维．卡梅伦将英国的未来前途置于危险之中，他的大胆赌博让保守党保持了团结，却可能给保守党和英国带来深远的影响。
(解析)词组辨析题。in line成一排：in the line在…之中：on line在工作中：on the line处于危险中。根据句子意思，D符合题意。
4．C(句意)马来西亚政府上周宣布一份书面申明：1970年制定的社会改革政策将于今年年底停止生效。
(解析)词组解析题。to formulate将要制定； to be formulated将要被制定：as formulated己制定的，as+非谓语动词作后置定语；so as to formulate为了制定。根据题意，故选C。
5．A(句意)在部落区实施发展计划经常会对部落的生活和经济产生负面影响，并伴随着部落传统领地或土地频频被其它外族部落入侵。
(解析)名词辨析题。encroachment侵入，侵犯；expansion膨胀，扩张；enormity滔天罪行；elevation提高，提升。根据题意，选择A。
6．B(句意)奈认为国际社会利益并非虚幻的，它们是我们国家利益的主要部分，如果没有其它国家的帮助也就无从谈国家利益。
(解析)名词及词组辨析题。particle微粒、粒子；part and parcel主要部分，必要部分；particles为particle的复数形式。parts and parcels：没有这个表达方式。根据题意，选择B。
7．D(句意)种族地位不应当成为改制过程中的唯一标准，因为它有一种固有的力量淡化主体意识，从而关注自身来自不同群体的事实。
(解析)形容词及动词辨析题。dominant统治的，支配的；bear sight of看得惯：disproportionate不成比例的，不相称的；set one's sights on以……为目标，朝着……努力；uncanny离奇的，怪异的；lose sight of不再看，忽视； inherent固有的，内在的；catch sight of看见。根据题意，答案选择D。
8．B(句意)美国人十分渴望英雄——现在也许比以往更甚。在某种程度上，我们仍然相信“戴白帽子的人”的神话。
(解析)动词搭配辨析题。succeed to继承，继任：subscribe to同意，赞成(某观点、理论等)；succeed against成功应对／克服；subside into消退，下沉。依据题意选B。
9．D(句意)景观设计师必须通晓数学、科学、工程、艺术和技术等多方面的知识。他还必须擅长与政界人士、公共利益团体以及政府驻外机构打交道。
(解析)形容词搭配辨析题。enthusiastic热情的：reluctant不情愿的；adapt改编，适应；adept擅长的。根据题意，选择D。
10．A(句意)全体国民的食物问题包括食物的数量和赖以生存的物质资料的分配。
(解析)词组辨析题。consists of包含；consists in在于，存在于；is consistent with符合，与…-一致；be composed of组成，构成。根据题意，选择A。
11．C(句意)她是一个活生生的例子，是一位拥有最高抱负的电视名人，在经常会因竞争而被挤到最底层的媒体行业中存活下来了。
(解析)短语辨析题。at the bottom基本上，实质上；to the bottom彻底，到最后： on the
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?????????专业?? 权威?? 轻松?? 快乐???????中共中央党校考博英语一本通?
bottom在底部；out of bottom没有此搭配；根据题意，答案选C。
12．B(句意)特克小姐可能有点小洁癖，抱怨在当地一家咖啡店里，那些一边上网一边喝咖啡的人打扰到她了。
(解析)名词、形容词辨析题。sanctimony伪善；sanctity神圣、圣洁；sanctimonious伪善的：sanctuary避难所、圣殿。根据句意，选择B。
13．C(句意)我们正在对那些环境问题进行调查。一旦联想到赖以生存的环境，我们就会发现我们的确对地球和我们自己造成了最大的伤害。
(解析)词组搭配题。gratitude感激：benefits福利，利益；disservice损害；favor喜爱，赞赏。根据题意，答案选C。
14．B(句意)一个人意识到有对亲切地等待他的人的责任，他就绝不可能抛弃自己的生命。他知道“他为什么存在”，并能够承担几乎所有的“如何”。
(解析)词义理解题。根据句意，很显然答案选择B。
15．B(句意)希望助人前进。它使我们在前途黯淡的时候，在被令人沮丧的新闻所围绕的时候继续前进。而当我们能够举出满怀希望的理由时，希望才更让人信服。我们都应该振作起来的说法固然是美好的，但知道背后的原因则会更强大。
(解析)动词辨析题。disheartening使人沮丧；disheartened沮丧的；enlightening让人受启发的；enlightened受启发的。根据句意选择B。
16．A(句意)他们的解决方案就是让孩子入读私立学校，因为私立学校免税，且没有种族歧视，更方便入学。
(解析)名词辨析题。discrimination歧视；segregation隔离；controversy争论； apportionment分摊，分派。根据题意，选择A。
17．D(句意)倘若获取行为被视为是符合法理，即便是暂时提前申请民用条件，那么民用条件本身就会变得毫无可能。
(解析)词组辨析题。anterior先前的，先于的；posterior较晚的，以后的；prior to优先，更重要的。依据题意，答案选D。
18．A(句意)他是滑稽幽默之王，是最具影响力的新古典主义戏剧家。他的作品多描述真实的人物，热衷于尽可能地展示现实中的人性弱点。
(解析)动词辨析题。depict描写；ridicule嘲笑；amuse娱乐；imitate模仿。根据题意，答案选择A。
19．A(句意)回顾一段时间以来的数据，你就会发现有不可辩驳的证据证明社会在进步：战争的减少，寿命的延长，识字率的提高以及民主和权利平等意识的增强，基于种族、性别、出身、信仰而获得的特权的减少。
(解析)语法辨析题。the+名词，表示特指。spread可以做动词，也可以做名词。wane是动词，变名词为在其后加—ing：依据题意选择A。
20．D(句意)当3号划手已划得精疲力竭了，在到达终点时一头栽倒在他的桨上，观众欢呼起来。
(解析)词组辨析题。dead line最后期限，截止线；finished line完成线；finish line：终点线。根据题意，选择D。
ⅡCloze
(文章大意)
主要探讨专业知识，专业生活在教育中的变革与发展。从作为一名从事教育研究的公共知识分子的角度出发，如何看待教育领域中专业知识、专业生活的发展与变化，以及如何重塑公共知识分子在教育行业的地位与形象。
(答案详解)
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