2010高考二轮复习英语教案
专题二 代词和数词
【专题要点】纵览代词和数词要点归纳如下:1.反身代词的用法;2.替代词it, one that的用法辨析;3.不定代词another, others, the others的用法;4.it的主要用法;5.such修饰名词时的位置;6.倍数的表示方法;7.数字运算的表示法;8.基数词表示人的岁数和年代的表达法 【考纲要求】代词是高考英语中一个十分重要的考点,其中主要涉及不定代词的用法与解析(约占所有代词考点的90%以上)。另外,代词it (包括it 的非代词用法)也是一个比较重要的考点。其它诸如人称代词、指示代词、反身代词、物主代词、相互代词等,由于用法简单,则相对考的较少;若偶尔考查,也主要涉及其特殊用法或固定搭配
代词在具体的语境中运用起来往往具有很大的灵活性,高考英语试题对代词的考查更是灵活多变。各地在对单项选择的语法考查中对代词则百考不“厌”。分析各类考题尤其是高考题,可以看出对代词的考查一直是一个热点,且考查手法更加灵活,要求更高,所以在2010年高考中,代词仍将为考查的热点。考纲要求重点掌握不定代词one, the one, ones, the ones与指示代词this, that, these, those, it 的用法区别、代词的肯定与否定、全部与部分的用法以及反身代词的惯用语(例如help oneself, please yourself, by (for, of)oneself, enjoy oneself等将会是未来高考的命题重点 对于it的用法考纲要求重点掌握:
1. it/that/one用法区别(it主要指代前面提到的同一物;one用来指代前面出现的单数名词,相当于a/an+单数名词,表泛指概念,往往是同类而同一物;that用来替代前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可数名词,相当于the+单数/不可数名词)
2. it用在某些动词后,如:enjoy, like, dislike, resent, hate, don’t mind, be fond of, feel like, see to 之后, 即这些动词后面的宾语从句前要加it代替其后的从句
3. 用于强调句或固定句型(it is/was …when/since/before…)中 4. 作形式宾语或形式主语(主要代替ving,to do或从句)
5. 考查it 构成的习语,it也常表示抽象的情况,属于虚指. 如:Take it easy.
对于数词考纲要求只要把握倍数、年代、年龄、分数、百分数等的表达法即可,近几年对数词的考查较少
【教法指引】在引导学生复习备考中对于代词的复习,要求教师把握重点、考点,重点复习不定代词和it的用法,强化学生的辨析、综合运用能力,根据近几年高考试题来看,it一直是考查的重点,尤其是it, that 和one不同的指代功能。试题注重情景的设置,需要利用特点语言环境中上下文的联系,正确分析结构,理解句意是做此类题目的关键
对于数词的复习重点引导学生温习倍数、分数、百分数以及与主谓语一致性联系。 【知识网络】
代词
代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种 一、人称代词是表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、
如:He is my friend. 他是我的朋友。 It's me. 是我。
二、 物主代词表示所有关系的代词,也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种,其人
- 1 -
我喜欢他的小汽车。
Our school is here,and theirs is there.
我们的学校在这儿,他们的在那儿。
三、 指示代词表示“那个”、 “这个”、 “这些”、 “那些”等指示概念的代词。指示代词有this,that,these,those等。如: That is a good idea. 那是个好主意
四、 表示“我自己”、“你自己”、“他自己”、“我们自己”、“你们自己”和“他们自己”等的代词,叫做自身代词,也称为“反身代词”如: She was talking to herself. 她自言自语
五、 表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词,有each other 和one another两组,但在运用中,这两组词没什么区别 如: They love each other. 他们彼此相爱
六、 不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有all , both, every, each, either, neither, more, little, few, much, many, another, other, some, any , one, no 以及some, something, anything, everything, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nothing , nobody, no one, none, everybody, everyone.等。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,但none和由some,any,no等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语;every和no只能作定语。如:--- Do you have a car? --你有一辆小汽车吗?
--- Yes,I have one. --是的,我有一辆--- I don't know any of them. 他们,我一个也不认识
不定代词的功能与用法
1. 除every 和no外不定代词既可用作名词,也可用作形容词。every和no在句中只能作定语
I have no idea about it.
2. all 都,指三者以上。
all 的主谓一致:all的单复数由它所修饰或指代的名词的单复数决定。
All goes well. 一切进展得很好
all 通常不与可数名词单数连用,如:不说 all the book,而说 the whole book。
但all可与表时间的可数名词单数连用,如 all day,all night,all the year; 但习惯上不说 all hour,all century。 all还可以与一些特殊的单数名词连用,如 all China, all the city, all my life, all the way
3. both 都,指两者
1).both 与复数动词连用,但 both… and…可与单数名词连用。
2).both, all 都可作同位语,其位置在行为动词前, be 动词之后。如果助动词或情态动词后面的实义动词省 去,则位于助动词或情态动词之前。Who can speak Japanese? We both (all) can.
4. neither 两者都不
1).neither作主语时,谓语动词用单数
2).作定语与单数名词连用,但neither… nor 用作并列连词,可与复数名词连用。其谓语采用就近原则
3).可用于下列句型,避免重复。She can't sing,neither (can) he.
4).neither 与nor
如前句是否定式从句,则主句用neither,而不用 nor。
If you don't do it,neither should I. 如果你不干,我也不干。
如后连续有几个否定句式,则用nor,不用neither。
He can't sing,nor dance,nor skate.
5. none 无
1) none作主语,多与of 构成短语 none of。 在答语中,none可单独使用。 Are there any pictures on the wall? None.
2) none作主语,谓语动词单复数均可。但如做表语,则其单复数与表语一致。 It is none of your business.
6. few 一些,少数 few 作主语时,谓语动词用复数,多用于肯定句。
7.some 一些
1) 可与复数名词及不可数名词连用
2) 当做"某一"解时,也可与单数名词连用。(= a certain)
You will be sorry for this some day.总有一天,你会后悔这件事的
A certain (some) person has seen you break the rule.某些人不同意你的看法。
注意:(1)在肯定疑问句中用some代替any。
(2)some用于其他句式中:
a. 肯定疑问句中:说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的,或期望得到肯定回答时。
Would you like句式中,表委婉请求或建议,如: Would you like some coffee?
b. 在条件状语从句中表示确定的意义时,如:
If you need some help,let me know.
c. some位于主语部分,
Some students haven't been there before.
d. 当否定的是整体中的部分时,some可用于否定句如:
I haven't heard from some of my old friends these years.
这些年我没有收到一些老朋友的信
8. any 一些
1) any 多用于否定句和疑问句和条件状语从句中。
当句中含有任何的意思时,any可用于肯定句。
Here are three novels. You may read any. 这有三本小说,你可任读一本。
9.one, ones 为复数形式
ones必须和形容词连用。如果替代的名词时无形容词在前,则用some, any,而不
用ones。
Have you bought any rulers? Yes,I 've bought some.
one表示泛指,that和it 表示特指。that与所指名词为同类,但不是同一个,而it 与所指名词为同一个。I can't find my hat. I think I must buy one. (不定)
我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。
The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought. (同类但不同个) 你买的那顶帽子比我买的大
I can't find my hat. I don' t know where I put it. ( 同一物)
我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。
one… the other 只有两个;some… the others 有三个以上;one… another,another…
some… others,others… ;others = other people/things ;the others = the rest 剩余的全部
1) 泛指另一个用another。
2) 一定范围内两人(物),一个用one,另一个用the other。
3) 一定范围内三者,一个用one,另一个用one (another),第三个可用the other,a third。
4) 一定范围内,除去一部分人/物,剩余的全部用the others。
5) 泛指别的人或物时,用others当在一定范围内,除去一部分后,剩余部分但不是全部时,也用others
【点拨】辨析:
1.anyone 和 any one
anyone仅指人,any one既可指人,也可指物。
2.no one 和none
a) none 后跟of短语,既可指人又可指物,而no one只单独使用,只指人。
b) none 作主语,谓语动词用单,复数均可,而no one作主语谓语动词只能是单数。
None of you could lift it. 你们中没有人可举起它
---- Did any one call me up just now? --刚才有人打电话给我吗?
---- No one. --没有。
3.every 和each
1) every 强调全体的概念, each强调个体概念。
Every student in our school works hard. 我们学校的学生都很用功。
Each student may have one book.. 每个学生都可有一本书。
2) every 指三个以上的人或物(含三个),each指两个以上的人或物 (含两个)。
3) every 只作形容词,不可单独使用。each可作代词或形容词。
Every student has to take one.
Each boy has to take one.
Each of the boys has to take one.
4) every不可以作状语,each可作状语
5) every 有反复重复的意思,如 every two weeks等; each没有
6) every 与not 连用,表示部分否定; each 和not连用表示全部否定。
Every man is not honest. 并非每个人都诚实
Each man is not honest. 这儿每个人都不诚实
这些词都可用作代词或形容词。其位置都在be 动词之后,行为动词之前或第一助动词之后。
4. both (两者都),either(两者中任何一个), neither (两者都不)。以上词使用范围为两个人或物
Neither of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都不聪明
both与复数连用,either与单数连用
Both the boys are clever.两个男孩都很聪明。
Either of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。
There are flowers on both sides of the street .(两岸)
There are flowers on either side of the street. (岸的两边) 路边长满了野花。
5. all (所有的,全部的人或物),any (任何一个), none (都不)。 以上词使用范围为三者以上。
All the flowers are gone. 所有的花都谢了。
I don't like any of the flowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。
I like none of the flowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。
注意:all与none用法一样。跟单数名词,用单数动词;跟复数名词,用复数动词。
All of the students are there. 所有的学生都在那。
All (of) the milk is there. 所有的牛奶都在那
6.Many,much都意为“许多”, many + 可数名词,much + 不可数名词
How many people are there at the meeting?
How much time has we left?
Many of the workers were at the meeting.
Much of the time was spent on learning.
7. few + 可数名词, (a) little + 不可数名词
a few / a little 为肯定含义,还有一点
few / little 为否定含义,没有多少了
He has a few friends. 他有几个朋友He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友
We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。 There is little time left.几乎没剩下什么时间了。
【典型例题】
Although he 's wealthy,he spends___ on clothes.A. littleB. few C. a littleD. a few
【答案】A.
【点拨】 spend所指的是钱,不可数,只能用little或 a little. 本句为although引导的让步状语从句,由句意知后句为否定含义,因此应用little表示几乎不。
固定搭配:only a few (=few);not a few (=many);quite a few (=many);many a (=many) ;Many books were sold. Many a book was sold. 卖出了许多书。
七、 疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what和which等。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词都可用作连接代词,引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句)
如:Tell me who he is. 告诉我他是谁。
八、 关系代词有who,whom,whose,that,which,as等,可用作引导从句的关联词。它们在定语从句中可作主语、
表语、宾语、定语等;另一方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词(通称为先行词)。 如: He is the man whom you have been looking for. 他就是你要找的那个人。
It用法
it在英语语法中属人称代词,意思是“它”,用来指人以外的一切生物和事物。它的用法不仅不简单,而且很复杂
一、用于指人以外的一切生物、无生命的东西和事情。
一般指说话者心目中已经了解或所指的生物、无生命的东西或事情、没有性别的区分;可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词,在句子中既可做主语,也可以作宾语。
1.指动物和植物。
—Oh,that's Lucy's hat.噢,那是露茜的帽子
—It looks like a cat!它看上去像只猫!
Where's tea grown?It's grown in the southeast of China.什么地方种植茶?中国东南部种植茶。
2.指代一些无生命的东西
Is it your watch?这是你的手表吗?
Look at the rain!It's heavy,isn't it?看这雨!雨很大,对吗?
3.代替上文提到过的整个事情
Well,you mustn't play on the road.It's dangerous.哦,你不能在公路上玩。这太危险了!
It was hard work,but they really enjoyed it.摘苹果是艰苦活,可他们都乐意去干(它)。 二、用于指代人
1.指代说话者心目中不太清楚的那个人,常在打电话或敲门时用。
—Who was it?是谁(打来的电话)?
—Was it Susan?(打电话的)是苏珊吗?
—Yes,it was.是的,我是。(根据上下句,“it was”也可不译出来。)
—Who is knocking at the door?谁在敲门?
—It's me.是我
2.指说话者心目中的那个人
—Is it your sister,Kate?(那旧照片上的 baby)是你姐姐凯特吧?
—No!不是
—Is it your brother?是你哥哥吧?
—No!不是
—I know—it's you!我知道了,(那)是你。
3.指代性别不详的婴幼儿或在不计较性别时,也可用it来指人。
The child smiled when it saw its mother.这小孩一见到母亲就笑了。
I don't know who it is.我不知道他是谁。
注意:看到这样的句子(或听到这样的话)时,要想一想,不要一看到it就把它译成“它”。)
4.在回答用指示代词表示人的特殊问句时,常用it指人
—Who's that?那人是谁? —Is it Kate?是凯特吗?
—Yes,I think you're right.It's Kate.是的,我想你说对了,是凯特。 三、用于指时间、距离和自然现象等
1.表示时间。
—What time is it?几点钟? —It's ten.十点钟。
It's summer in Australia now.现在澳大利亚是夏天。
特别注意it用于表示时间时还常见于以下三个句型中:
(1)It's time(for sb.)to do sth./It's time for sth. “是(某人)该干……的时间了”、“到……的时候了” It's time for supper/to have supper.是吃晚饭的时候了。
I think it's time for us to start the lesson now.我想现在是我们开始上课的时候了。
(2)It is /has been +时间段+since +一般过去时
It was +时间段+since+过去完成时“自从……以来已过了……(时间)”
It has been two weeks since we met last.自从我们上次相遇以来,两个星期过去了。
It's three years since he came here.=It has been three years since he came here.
=He has been here for three years.他到这里已经三年了。
注意:It is/has been+时间段+ since …continuous v-ed(延续性动词) 某动作已有多长时间不发生了
It's 10 years that he lived here
(3)it’s (about/high) time that sb. did sth. (正是)该某人做某事的时候了(这是一个虚拟语气,表示对现在事实相反的虚拟语气)It’s high time that we went to school.
(4)It is the x-th time (that) sb have done sth It was the x-th time that sb had done sth这是某人第几次做某事了 It's the third time that he has failed the driving test. It was the second time that he had seen the film.
(5)It was(not) +时间段+before +一般过去时 “过(不)了多长时间某动作发生了”
It will be +时间段+before+一般现在时 “过多长时间才…”It was not long before they arrived.
It will be several years before we meet again.
2.表示距离。
It's half an hour's walk from my home to the school.从我家到学校步行得花半小时时间。
—Where's the farm,Li Lei?Is it far?李雷,农场在哪里?远吗? —No,it's quite near.不,(距)离这很近。
3.表示自然现象。
Sometimes it snows and the land is all white.有时下雪,大地一片白。
It is very quiet here at the moment.眼下这儿很安静。
四、用作形式主语(empty subject)。
英语中常常见到某个句子以it开头,it与其后面的动词不定式短语、动名词短语、名词性从句等相呼应,以表达一个完整的意义。这是一种习惯表达法,这样的句式可避免句子显得头重脚轻
1.It+is/was+adj.+(for/of sb)+to do sth/that clause
对于这个句型中究竟用 for还是用of,一般遵循这样的规则:如果形容词仅仅是描述事物的形容词,如:difficult, easy,hard,important,dangerous等用for;如果形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的,如:kind,good,nice,clever等则用of
It is interesting to play with snow in winter. 冬季里玩雪是很有趣的。
It's important for us to keep the water clean. 保持水质清洁对我们来说是很重要的。
It's very kind of you to say so. 你这样说真是太好了
It is certain that he will come. 他一定会来
It's true that he may fall behind the other students.他真的可能落后于其他同学
It is strange that he should say so. 他居然这么说,真是奇怪
2. It is / was +n. + (for /of sb ) to do sth/that clause
注意:这一句式中的连系动词be也可换用其它连系动词,如feel等。
It's a good habit to get up early and go to bed early.早睡早起是好习惯
It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship.乘宇宙飞船飞往月球一定很有趣
It feels strange to have a twin sister.有个孪生姐妹感觉很奇怪
It’s no secret that the president wants to have a second term at office.
(It’s) no wonder that he is angry.
3.It +will be/is/was+adj+v-ing。
It's bad playing in the street.在街上玩是没好处的。 Is it any good trying again?再试一次有用吗?
4. It is +n. + v-ing.
It’s no use/good doing sth. It’s (well) worth doing sth. It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收
5.It is/was v-ed that clause=sb is/was v-ed to do sth
(用于这种句型的动词常为say, report, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide, determine, intend, plan, understand, know)
It is said that the couple have gotten divorced.(=The couple are said to have gotten divorced.)
6.It +v. (to sb) that clause= sb +v. to do sth
(用于这种句型的动词常为appear, seem, come about, emerge, follow, chance, happen, occur, transpire, turn out , work out) It (so) happened/chanced that they were out.(= They happened/chanced to be out.) 碰巧他们出去了。
It seems that he is ill.=He seems to be ill.看起来他好像病了
It作主语的常见句型:
1.It +is /was +one's turn(duty,pleasure) +to do sth.“该轮到某人做某事(做某事是某人的责任、愉悦的事)” It's your turn to be on duty tomorrow.明天轮到你值日了。
2.It takes(sb.)some time to do sth=sb takes some time to do sth “(某人)花……时间做某事”。
It took me a week to finish reading the book.我花了一周时间看完这本书。
It took the men a week to mend our roof.(= The men took a week to mend our roof.)
3.It +cost/costs +sb.+some money +to do sth. “某人花多少钱做某事”。
It cost me 260 yuan to buy the new watch.我买这块新手表花了260元。
4.It / this /that is the best/worst/most… that sb have done“这是那是某人经历过的…中最…的了。”
It /this/that was the best/worst/most… that sb had done
It was the best novel he had read before.
五.用作形式宾语。
当句子的真正宾语是动词不定式、动名词或从句时,为避免句子头重脚轻,须将其放在宾语补足语之后,改用先行词it占据其原来的位置
it用作形式宾语的句型为:
1..S+V+it+adj/n+(for/of sb) to do/v-ing/that clause。
该句型中宾语补足语可由形容词、名词等充当。 (动词常为think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…) I think it hard for you to do the task on your own./I think it hard that you'll do the task on your own.
He found it not easy to learn a foreign language well.他发现学好一门外语是不容易的
We think it no good reading in bed.我们认为躺在床上看书无益处
2..S+ v+it+ important/unimportant/necessary/unnecessary/natural/essential that sb (should) do sth
S+v+it+of much/great/no/little importance that…(should)…
(动词常为think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…)
I think it important that you (should) attend the conference.
3. S+ v. +it + prep. + that… owe it to sb. that…把…归功于…
leave it to sb that…把…留给某人去做 take it for granted that …想当然 keep it in mind that…
Don't bother to arrange anything. Just leave it to me to sort out.
Don't take it for granted that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be most successful.
注意:it用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词后面,尤其是表示好恶的动词后,enjoy, like, love, dislike, resent, hate, don't mind, be fond of, feel like, see to 宾语从句紧跟it之后
I hate it you can swim so well and I can't.
I’d appreciate it if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
六.构成强调句。
It is/was+被强调部分+ that(who)… 强调句型用来强调谓语动词以外的任何句子成分。当被强调部分是人时也可以用who。
在使用强调句型时需注意以下几点:
1. 请注意强调句型的特殊疑问句 When was it that he changed his mind to take part in the activity?
2. 在强调原因状语从句时,只能强调由because所引导的从句
It was because he was ill that he didn't come to school yesterday.
3. 在强调not … until结构时必须把not与until一起放到被强调的位置上
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was my brother.
4. 注意强调句型与定语从句的区别 这类题目往往比较难做,应对的方法是:
1)先试着将it ,be, that/who去掉,若删除后的句子结构和句子意思仍然正确,则为强调句
2)强调句中的that/who仅仅是标志词,不作句子成分,但在定语从句中that可作主宾表语,who可作主语,所以解题时应从分析句子成分入手,若that或who不作句子成分,且删掉后原句仍然成立,则为强调句型的引导词,若在从句中作某一成分,则为定语从句
It was at 7 o'clock that he came here yesterday.( 强调句型)
It was 7 o'clock when he came here yesterday.(定语从句)
七. 构成特殊句式。如: It seems as if we should finish it tomorrow.
八、it, one和that作替代词的用法及区别
it, one和that虽然都可以用来替代前面所提到的一个单数名词,以避免重复,但在具体用法上却有不同。简述如下:
1. it代替前面提到的同一事物,该事物既可以是可数名词也可以是不可数名词
【典型例题】
The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, ______?
A. did they B. didn't they C. did it D. didn't it 答案: D
2. one代替前面提到的同类事物中的一个。该事物只能是可数名词,前面可以有冠词,也可以被this、that或形容词修饰,其后也可以有定语
【典型例题】
-Why don't we have a little break? -Didn't we just have________? A. it B. that C. one D. this
答案: C
3. that代替前面提到的同类事物中特指的一个。该事物既可以是可数名词也可以是不可数名词,要有后置定语,但不可以有前置修饰语。
【典型例题】Few pleasures can equal ________ of a cool drink on a hot day. A. some B. any C. that D. those 答案: C
数词
表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词,数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词;表示顺序的数词叫序数词
一、基数词
1.基数词写法和读法:345 three hundred and forty-five;
2.基数词一般是单数形式,但下列情况,常用复数:
a. 与of 短语连用,表示概数,不能与具体数目连 用,如scores of people 指许多人;
b. 在一些表示"一排"或"一组"的词组里;
如:They arrived in twos and threes. 他们三三两两的到达了。
c. 表示"几十岁";
d. 表示"年代",用 in +the +数词复数;
e. 在乘法运算的一种表示法里,如:3 x 5 = 15 Three fives is (are) fifteen.
二、序数词
序数词的缩写形式: first---1st second---2nd thirty-first---31st
三、 数词的用法
1.倍数表示法
a. 主语+谓语+倍数(或分数)+ as + adj. + as
I have three times as many as you. 我有你三倍那么多。
b. 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ the size (amount,length…) of…
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的49倍。
c. 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ 形容词(副词)比较级+ than…
The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.
今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。
d. 还可以用by+倍数,表示增加多少倍
The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.
今年粮食产量增加了4倍。
2.分数表示法
构成:基数词代表分子,序数词代表分母。分子大于1时,分子的序数词用单数,分母序数词用复数:
1/3 one-third ; 3/37 three and three-sevenths.
【命题趋向】
1、序号表示法
1)单纯的序号,可在基数词前加number,简写为No.。如:No.1第一号
2)事物名词的序号表达法有什所不同:
①对于一些小序号可有序数词也可用基数词表达,形式分别为:the +
序数词 + 名词;名词 + 基数词。如:第一次世界大战可以表示为the First World War或World War One。
②对于一些大序号我们通常只用一种表达法,即名词 + 数词。如:501号房间表示为Room 501, 538路公共汽车表示为Bus 538。
③可用a / the + number + 基数词 + 名词。如:a No.5 bus一辆五路公共汽车,the No.8 bus那辆8路公共汽车
2、倍数的表达方式
一般情况下我们用以下三种倍数表达方式:
1)倍数用在as + 形容词 / 副词(原级)+ as结构之前。如:
They have three times as many cows as we do.
2)倍数放在形容词或副词的比较级之前或by + 倍数用在比较级之后。如:
This rope is four times longer than that one.
They produced more products in 2001 than those in 2000 by twice.
3)倍数用在表示度量名词前,其基本结构为:倍数 + the + size / length / weight … + of + 表示比较对象的名词,也可用于倍数 + what引导的从句中。如:
This room is three times the size of that one.
The college is twice what it was 5 years age.
You can’t imagine that rats eat 40 to 50 times their weight.
3、大约数的表示方法
1)用ten、dozen、score、hundred、thousand、million等数词的复数后加of短语来表示几十、几百、上千、成千上万等大约数概念。如:
The little boy buys dozens of pencils every term.
Thousands of people died in the earthquake.
Every year tens of thousands of people go to work in Guangdong Province.
2)用、less than、under、below、almost、nearly、up to 等来表示小于或接近某数目。如:
He is good at English, so he can finish the paper in less than two hours.
3)用more than、over、above、beyond、or more等来表示超过或多于某个数目。如:
Peking University has a history of more than 100 years.
4)用or、or so、about、around、some、more or less等表示在某一数目左右。如:
About 50 people were present at that time.
5)用to、from … to…、between … and表示介于两数词。如:
His salary rises from 20 dollars a week to 35 dollars a week.
6)注意事项:dozen、score、hundred、thousand、million作数词表示确切数量时,不用复数。如:three score, five dozen, seven million等。
4、分数的表达方式
1)分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1时,分母用复数。如:one-third三分之一,three-sevenths七分之三。
2)分子与分母之间加in, 分子在前,分母在后,分子分母都用基数词。如:one in ten 十分之一,five in eight八分之五。
3)分子与分母之间加out of , 分子在前,分母在后,分子分母都用基数词。如:one out of ten十分之一,five out of eight八分之五。
5、百分数的表示法1)表示百分数直接将数词放在单词percent前面即可,如:twenty percent百分之二十。
2)分数和百分数后面不能直接接名词或代词,而用以下形式:分数/百分数 +of + 冠词 / 限定词 + 名词 / 代词 ,其谓语动词与of后的名词在人称和数上保持一致,如:
Two-thirds of the money was spent on food.About seventy percent of the earth surface is covered by water.
6、小数的表示法
小数的表示法,小数点前的总值发同其他数词一样,小数点用point,小数点后面的数读成个位数,如:9.65表示为nine point six five。218.39表示为two hundred and eighteen point three nine
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