?????????????专业?? 权威?? 轻松?? 快乐?????????????北大考博英语历年真题?
北京大学2013年博士研究生入学考试英语试题
Part One: Listening Comprehension
Section A (10%)
Directions: In this section you will hear 3 passages. Each passage will be read only ONCE. At
the end of each passage, there will be a pause. Listen carefully to the passages and then answer the questions that follow. Mark your choice on the Answer Sheet.
Passage One
Questions 1 to 3 are based on the passage you have just heard.
1. Which of the following statements is true about heart disease?
A. It kills 2.6 million people all over the world each year.
B. It is a major disease in Western countries.
C. It is caused by the blood supply that nourishes the heart muscle.
D. It can cause the blood vessels to become blocked.
2. What can we learn from the study in England and Scotland?
A. There are more meat and fish eaters than vegetarians in the study.
B. 32% of the people in the study are vegetarians.
C. People who have normal blood pressure and a healthy weight-are eligible for the study.
D. No vegetarians died from heart disease in the study.
3. What did Tracy Parker from the British Heart Foundation suggest?
A. Eating more vegetables would result in a healthy heart.
B. Vegetarians should eat foods high in saturated fat and salt, too.
C. We should try to avoid meat in our diet.
D. Vegetarians had better eat meat to compensate for any lost vitamins and minerals. Passage Two
Questions 4 to 6 are based on the passage you have just heard.
4. Which of the following statements in NOT true about the Chinese version of James Joyce’s
novel Finnegans Wake?
A. It took the translator 8 years to translate.
B. It was so popular among readers that a second edition was being printed.
C. The first run of 8,000 copies sold out in less than a month.
D. It was one of the bestsellers in Shanghai last week.
5. What did the translator Ms. Dai say about her work?
A. Her work was not faithful to the original intent of the novel.
B. She had tried to make her work as complex as the original.
C. She had tried to make her work easy to understand.
D. She was not surprised that her work had become a hit in the country.
6. How did some critics explain the “Finnegans Wake” phenomenon in China?
A. It’s because the stream of consciousness style was warmly received by Chinese readers.
B. It’s because the demand for translation of foreign-language novels exploded.
C. It’s because the translation of the highbrow novel tickled some Chinese readers’ vanity.
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D. It’s because Chinese readers were interested in the novelist who was mentally ill. Passage Three
Questions 7 to 10 are based on the passage you have just heard.
7. Talking about the world’s most prolific killers, which of the following is NOT mentioned by the
speaker?
A. Sharks B. Lions C. Cats D. Rodents
8. How many birds do domestic cats kill each year?
A. Between 1.4 billion and 3.7 billion
B. 20 billion
C. 33 bird species
D. 14% of all bird species
9. Why have researchers called on authorities to deal with cats?
A. Because the population of cats is increasing.
B. Because cats are finely tuned killers under the guise of cute, cuddly friends.
C. Because cats have caused species extinctions and affect the integrity of our ecosystems.
D. Because cats don’t play integral roles in our ecosystems.
10. Which of the following statements is true about free-ranging domestic cats?
A. They have the same hunting strategies as lions and tigers do.
B. They are allowed to leave home and go anywhere they want.
C. Their owners usually watch over them.
D. Their owners are pleased when they take dead animals home.
Section B (10%)
Directions: In this section you will hear a talk about American literature. While listening, focus
on the major points and do not forget to take notes. After that, complete the following outline by filling in the blanks numbered from B1 to B20 with key words. The talk will be read TWICE. There will be a One Minute pause between the first and the second reading. Then you will have another One Minute to check your work after the second reading. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET (2).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- OUTLINE
Moveme
nt Title
Transcen
dentalis
m Time Period Origins Core Beliefs and Important Figures The writers showed a difference from British writers, s New – British cultural tradition and . 1860s the north Individuals did not need eastern Individuals were encouraged to be on themselves.
Ralph Waldo Emerson: published Nature in the US
1830s
–
1870s British than thought. American works also focus on the and on human
. We might now call his work stories.
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Romanticism
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1870s
–
1920s France typical rather than . Many writers wrote about real conditions of real people
to educate the .
Mark Twain: wrote about everyday life in the states of the US.
Part Two: Structure and Written Expression (15%)
Directions: For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete
the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Mark your choices on the ANSWER
SHEET.
11. Prince Charles, the longest-waiting to the throne in British history, has spoken of his
“impatience” to get things done.
A. heir B. heirship C. heritage D. heiress
12. Love was in the air in a Tokyo park as normally staid Japanese husbands gathered to scream
out their feelings for their wives, and extra tight hugs.
A. attitude B. multitude C. gratitude D. latitude
13. The number of stay-at-home fathers reached a record high last year, new figures show, as
families saw female breadwinners.
A. raise B. rise C. arise D. increase
been shrouded for several days in thick fog and haze.
A. booming B. looming C. dooming D. zooming
young children, a study found.
A. scarce B. scary C. scared D. scarred
tripling of tuition fees to ￡9,000 a year.
A. scratched B. scraped C. scrabbled D. scrapped appropriate age for a child’s first cell phone.
A. opened up B. taken up C. put up D. held up
18. Sales of mushrooms have hit an all-time high as Britons increasingly turn to the cheap and
foodstuff for their cooking.
A. versatile B. multiple C. manifold D. diverse
just become the most watched video on YouTube ever.
A. sanely B. insanely C. rationally D. insatiably
heaven is a fairy story for people afraid of the dark.
A. imposing B. lofty C. prominent D. eminent
21. Some might consider it an ugly truth that attractive people are often more successful than
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those_______ blessed with looks.
A. less B. more C. most D. least
22. they think it will come to an end through the hands of God, or a natural disaster or a
political event, whatever the reason, nearly 15 percent of people worldwide think the end of the world is coming, according to a new poll.
A. Either B. Whether C. Neither D. If female members.
A. as long as B. the moment C. so that D. in case
24. Packed like sardines into sweaty, claustrophobic subway carriages, passengers can barely move about freely.
A. as well as B. disregard for C. let alone D. not mentioning
25. Japan is one of only three countries that now hunt whales and the government says
it is an important cultural tradition.
A. that B. which C. whose D. where
Part Three: Cloze Test 15%)
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and decide the best choice for each numbered
blank. Mark your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
Ironically, the intellectual tools currently being used by the political right to such harmful effect originated on the academic left. In the 1960s and 1970s a philosophical movement called ideas from cultural anthropology prejudices of the observer. Science is just one of many ways of knowing, the argued, neither more , they defined science as the way of knowing among Western white men and a tool of cultural “mental masturbation” lampooned by Woody Allen.
democracy and leads not to tolerance but
to authoritarianism. John Locke, one of Jefferson’s” trinity of three greatest men,” showed (35) almost three centuries ago. Locke watched the arguing factions of Protestantism, each claiming to be the one true religion, and asked: How do we know something to be true? What is the basis of what knowledge is and how it is grounded in observations of the physical world in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Any claim that fails this test is “but faithful, or opinion, but not knowledge.” It was this idea—that the world is knowable and that Jefferson’s foundational argument for democracy.
By falsely knowledge with opinion, postmodernists and ant science conservatives
alike collapse our thinking back to a pre-Enlightenment ear, leaving no common basis for public policy. Public discourse is to endless warring opinions, none seen as more valid than
another. Policy is determined by the loudest voices, reducing us to a world in which might (40)right—the classic definition of authoritarianism.
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26. A. satisfied with B. angry with C. displeased at D. proud of
27. A. discounted B. doubted C. adopted D. shared
28. A. objective B. subjective C. cultural D. relative
29. A. variable B. valid C. valuable D. various
30. A. However B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. Furthermore
31. A. assimilation B. inhibition C. representation D. oppression
32. A. resonated B. agreed C. appealed D. responded
33. A. liked B. approved C. verified D. hated
34. A. offsets B. produces C. undermines D. strengthens
35. A. when B. what C. why D. which
36. A. found B. defined C. dictated D. claimed
37. A. practical B. equal C. useful D. equitable
38. A. identifying B. equipping C. equating D. confusing
39. A. deduced B. introduced C. conduced D. reduced
40. A. decides B. causes C. makes D. creats
Part Four: Reading Comprehension (20%)
Directions: Each of the following four passages is followed by some questions or unfinished
statements. For each question or unfinished statement, four answers are given. Read
the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Mark your
choices on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage One
A considerable part of Facebook’s appeal stems from its miraculous fusion of distance with intimacy, or the illusion of distance with the illusion of intimacy. Our online communities become engines of self-image, and self-image becomes the engine of community. The real danger with Facebook is not that it allows us to isolate ourselves, but that by mixing our appetite for isolation with our vanity, it threatens to alter the very nature of solitude. The new isolation is not of the kind that Americans once idealized, the lonesomeness of the proudly nonconformist, independent-minded, solitary stoic, or that of the astronaut who blasts into new worlds. Facebook’s isolation is a grind. What’s truly staggering about Facebook usage is not its volume—750 million photographs uploaded over a single weekend—but the constancy of the performance it demands. More than half its users—and one of every 13 people on Earth is a Facebook user—log on every day. Among 18-to-34-year-olds, nearly half check Facebook minutes after waking up, and 28 percent do so before getting out of bed. The relentlessness is what is so new, so potentially transformative. Facebook never takes a break. We never take a break. Human beings have always created elaborate acts of self-presentation. But not all the time, not every morning, before we even pour a cup of coffee.
Nostalgia for the good old days of disconnection would not just be pointless, it would be hypocritical and ungrateful. But the very magic of the new machines, the efficiency and elegance with which they serve us, obscures what isn’t being served: everything that matters. What Facebook has revealed about human nature—and this is not a minor revelation—is that a connection is not the same thing as a bond, and that instant and total connection is no salvation, no ticket to a happier, better world or a more liberated version of humanity. Solitude used to be good for self-reflection and self-reinvention. But now we are left thinking about who we are all the time,
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without ever really thinking about who we are. Facebook denies us a pleasure whose profundity we had underestimated: the chance to forget about ourselves for a while, the chance to disconnect.
41. Which of the following statements regarding the power of Facebook can be inferred from the passage?
A. It creates the isolation people want.
B. It delivers a more friendly world.
C. It produces intimacy people lack in the real world.
D. It enables us to be social while avoiding the mess of human interaction.
42. Which of the following statements about the underside of Facebook is supported by the
information contained in this passage?
A. It imprisons people in the business of self-presentation.
B. It causes social disintegration.
C. It makes people vainer.
D. It makes people lonelier.
43. Which of the following best states “the new isolation” mentioned by the author?
A. It is full of the spirit of adventure.
B. It is the extension of individualism
C. It has a touch of narcissism.
D. It evolves from the appetite for independence.
44. Which of the following belongs to the category of “something that matters” according to the
passage?
A. Constant connection
B. Instant communication
C. Smooth sociability
D. A human bond
45. Which of the following conclusions about Facebook does the author want us to draw?
A. It creates friendship.
B. It denies us the pleasure of socializing.
C. It opens a new world for us.
D. It draws us into a paradox.
Passage Two
Most scholars agree that Isaac Newton, while formulating the laws of force and gravity and inventing the calculus in the late 1600s, probably knew all the science there was to know at the time. In the ensuing 350 years an estimated 50 million research papers and innumerable books have been published in the natural sciences and mathematics. The modern high school student probably now possesses more scientific knowledge than Newton did, yet science to many people seems to be an impenetrable mountain of facts.
One way scientists have tried to cope with this mountain is by becoming more and more specialized. Another strategy for coping with the mountain of information is to largely ignore it. That shouldn’t come as a surprise. Sure, you have to know a lot to be a scientist, but knowing a lot is not what makes a scientist. What makes a scientist is ignorance. This may sound ridiculous, but for scientists the facts are just a starting place. In science, every new discovery raises 10 new questions.
By this calculus, ignorance will always grow faster than knowledge. Scientists and laypeople
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alike would agree that for all we have come to know, there is far more we don’t know. More important, everyday there is far more we know we don’t know. One crucial outcome of scientific knowledge is to generate new and better ways of being ignorant: not the kind of ignorance that is associated with a lack of curiosity or education but rather a cultivated, high-quality ignorance. This gets to the essence of what scientists do: they make distinctions between qualities of ignorance. They do it in grant proposals and over beers at meetings. As James Clerk Maxwell, probably the greatest physicist between Newton and Einstein, said, “Thoroughly conscious ignorance ... is a prelude to every real advance in knowledge.”
This perspective on science—that it is about the questions more than the answers—should come as something of a relief. It makes science less threatening and far more friendly and, in fact, fun. Science becomes a series of elegant puzzles and puzzles within puzzles—and who doesn’t like puzzles? Questions are also more accessible and often more interesting than answers; answers tend to be the end of the process, whereas questions have you in the thick of things.
Lately this side of science has taken a backseat in the public mind to what I call the accumulation view of science—that it is a pile of facts way too big for us to ever hope to conquer. But if scientists would talk about the questions, and if the media reported not only on new discoveries but the questions they answered and the new puzzles they created, and if educators stopped trafficking in facts that are already available on Wikipedia—then we might find a public once again engaged in this great adventure that has been going on for the past 15 generations.
46. Which of the following would most scholars agree to about Newton and science?
A. Newton was the only person who knew all the science in the 1660s.
B. Newton’s laws of force and gravity dominated science for 350 years.
C. Since Newton’s time, science has developed into a mountain of facts.
D. A high school student probably knows more science than Newton did.
47. Which of the following is best supported in this passage?
A. A scientist is a master of knowledge.
B. Knowledge generates better ignorance.
C. Ignorance is a sigh of lack of education.
D. Good scientists are thoroughly ignorant.
48. Why is it a relief that science is about the questions more than the answers?
A. Because people like solving puzzles.
B. Because questions make science accessible.
C. Because there are more questions than answers.
D. Because questions point the way to deep answers.
49. The expression “take a backseat” (line 1, paragraph 5) probably means A. take a back place
B. have a different role
C. be of greater priority
D. become less important
50. What is the author’s greatest concern in the passage?
A. The involvement of the public in science
B. Scientists’ enjoyment of ignorance
C. The accumulation of scientific knowledge
D. Newton’s standing in the history of science
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Passage Three
Information technology that helps doctors and patients make decisions has been around for a long time. Crude online tools like WebMD get millions of visitors a day. But Watson is a different beast. According to IBM, it can digest information and make recommendations much more quickly, and more intelligently, than perhaps any machine before it—processing up to 60 million pages of text per second, even when that text is in the form of plain old prose, or what scientists call “natural language.”
That’s no small thing, because something like 80 percent of all information is “unstructured.” In medicine, it consists of physician notes dictated into medical records, long-winded sentences published in academic journals, and raw numbers stored online by public-health departments. At least in theory, Watson can make sense of it all. It can sit in on patient examinations, silently listening. And over time, it can learn and get better at figuring out medical problems and ways of treating them the more it interacts with real cases. Watson even has the ability to convey doubt. When it makes diagnoses and recommends treatments, it usually issues a series of possibilities, each with its own level of confidence attached.
Medicine has never before had a tool quite like this. And at an unofficial coming-out party in Las Vegas last year, during the annual meeting of the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society, more than 1,000 professionals packed a large hotel conference hall, and an overflow room nearby, to hear a presentation by Marty Kohn, an emergency-room physician and a clinical leader of the IBM team training Watson for health care. Standing before a video screen that dwarfed his large frame, Kohn described in his husky voice how Watson could be a game changer—not just in highly specialized fields like oncology but also in primary care, given that all doctors can make mistakes that lead to costly, sometimes dangerous, treatment errors.
Drawing on his own clinical experience and on academic studies, Kohn explained that about one-third of these errors appear to be products of misdiagnosis, one cause of which is “anchoring bias”: human beings’ tendency to rely too heavily on a single piece of information. This happens all the time in doctors’ offices, clinics, and emergency rooms. A physician hears about two or three symptoms, seizes on a diagnosis consistent with those, and subconsciously discounts evidence that points to something else. Or a physician hits upon the right diagnosis, but fails to realize that it’s incomplete, and ends up treating just one condition when the patient is, in fact, suffering from several. Tools like Watson are less prone to those failings. As such, Kohn believes, they may eventually become as ubiquitous in doctors’ offices as the stethoscope.
“Watson fills in for some human limitations,” Kohn told me in an interview. “Studies show that humans are good at taking a relatively limited list of possibilities and using that list, but are far less adept at using huge volumes of information. That’s where Watson shines: taking a huge list of information and winnowing it down.”
51. What is Watson?
A. It is a person who aids doctors in processing medical record.
B. It is an online tool that connects doctors over different places.
C. It is an intelligent computer that helps doctors make decisions.
D. It is beast that greets millions of visitors to a medical institution.
52. Which of the following is beyond Watson’s ability?
A. Talk with the patient.
B. Calculate probability.
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C. Recommend treatment.
D. Process sophisticated data.
.
A. gave a presentation at an academic conference
B. works for the IBM Training Division
C. is a short person with a husky voice
D. expressed optimism for Watson
54. “Anchoring A. is a device ubiquitous in doctor’s offices
B. is less likely to be committed by Watson
C. happens in one third of medical treatments
D. is a wrong diagnosis with incomplete information
55. Which of the following may be the best title of the passage?
A. Watson as a shining star
B. The risks of misdiagnosis
C. The Robot Will See You Now
D. IBM’s IT solution to medicine
Passage Four
The contribution genes make intelligence increases as children grow older. This goes against the notion most people hold that as we age, environmental influences gradually overpower the genetic legacy we are born with and may have implications for education. “People assume the genetic influence goes down with age because the environmental differences between people pile up in life” says Robert Plomin. “What we found was quite amazing, and goes in the other direction.”
Previous studies have shown variations in intelligence are at least partly due to genetic. To find out whether this genetic contribution varies with age, Plomin’s team pooled date from six separate studies carried out in the US, the UK, Australia and the Netherlands, involving a total of 11,000 pairs of twins. In these studies, the researchers tested twins on reasoning, logic and arithmetic to measure a quantity called genetic cognitive ability, or “G”. Each study also included both identical twins, with same genes, and fraternal twins, sharing about half their genes, making it possible to distinguish the contributions of genes and environment to their G scores.
Plomin’s team calculated that in childhood, genes account for about 41 percent of the variation in intelligence. In adolescence, this rose to 55 percent; by young adulthood, it was 66 percent. No one knows why the influence from genes should increase with age, but Plomin suggests that as children get older, they become better at exploiting and manipulating their environment to suit their genetic needs, and says “Kids with high G will use their environment to foster their cognitive ability and choose friends who are like-minded.” Children with medium to low G may choose less challenging pastimes and activities, further emphasizing their genetic legacy.
Is there any way to interfere with the pattern? Perhaps. “The evidence of strong heritability doesn’t mean at all that there’s nothing you can do about it,” says Susanne Jaeggi, “Form our own work, the ones that started off with lower IQ scores had higher gains after training.”
Plomin suggests that genetic differences may be more emphasized if all children share an identical curriculum instead of it being tailored to children’s natural abilities. “My inclination
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would be to give everyone a good education, but put more effort into the lower end,” he says. Intelligence researcher Paul Thompson agrees: “It shows that education needs to steer kids towards things drawing out their natural talents.”
56. What is the common notion that people hold about genes?
A. Humans can do little to change the genetic differences between people.
B. Genetic influence becomes stronger when people receive education.
C. Genes contribute more to one’s intelligence than environmental factors.
D. Environmental factors lesson the influence of genes on one’s intelligence.
.
A. whether variations in intelligence are caused by genetic differences
B. how to overpower genetic factors with new educational approaches
C. whether genetic contribution to one’s intelligence varies with age
D. the relationship between environment and genes
.
A. genetic contribution increases when one grows older
B. genetic influence decreases when age increases
C. environment has more impact on fraternal twins than identical twins
D. it remains a mystery how genes and environment co-influence people
A. cognitive ability
B. strong heritability
C. genetic legacy
D. challenging pastimes
60. Which of the following might Plomin’s team least agree to?
A. An identical curriculum to school children
B. A differentiated course design to children with varied IQ
C. More effort directed at children with medium or low G
D. Education tailored to children’s natural abilities
Part Five: Proofreading (15%)
Directions: In the following passage, there are altogether 15 mistakes, ONE in each numbered and underlined part. You may have to change a word, add a word, or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word beside it. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words (in brackets) immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, just cross it out. Put your answers on ANSWER SHEET (2).
Examples:
egCorrection put on the ANSWER SHEET (2)began
egCorrection put on the ANSWER SHEET (2): (62) (Scarcely) had (they)
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hot spot like a rail yard, port terminal or freeway.
We also know that air pollution may be linked to other nonlethal conditions, including autism. Fortunately in the U.S. and other developed nations, urban air is for the most part cleaner than it was 30 or 40 years ago, thanks to regulations and new technologies like the catalytic converters that reduce automobile emissions. Governments are also pushing to make air cleaner — see the burn fossil fuels like coal — can be fitted with pollution-control equipment that, at a price, will greatly reduce smog and other contaminants.
Part Six: Writing (15%)
Directions: Read the following paragraph and then write a response paper of about 250 to 300 English words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET (2).
When there is a heavy rain in the north of China, cities and towns are often flooded. But heaving rains in southern cities seldom pose severe problems. When there is a heavy snow in the
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south of China, cities and town often run into chaos. But heavy snows in the north seldom pose severe problems. What should city planners do to deal with this and what do you think of the different ways of dealing with it?
北京大学2013年博士研究生入学考试参考答案及解析
Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension
(略)
Part Ⅱ Structure and Written Expression
11．(答案)A
[解析]句意是：查尔斯王子是英国史上等待王位继承时间最久的人，他说自己已经“等不起了”。heir“继承人”；heirship“继承权，继承人的地位”；heritage“遗产，继承权”；heiress“女继承人”。因此本题选A。
12．(答案)C
[解析]句意是：爱意在东京公园上空飘荡，平时稳重的日本丈夫聚在一起，大声喊出了对他们妻子的爱意，表达感激之情，并献上格外紧的拥抱。attitude“态度，姿态”，为可数名词，前面需加冠词；multitude“多数，群众”；gratitude“感谢的心情”；latitude“(思想、行动等的)自由范围，自由”。因此本题选C。
13．(答案)D
[解析]句意是：新的数据显示，随着家庭中养家妇女人数的增加，去年居家型父亲人数创新高。raise“提高，升”，为动词；rise“上升，增加”，为不可数名词；arise“升起，上升”，为动词；increase“增加额，增加”，既可作动词，又可作名词。因此本题选D。
14．(答案)A
[解析]句意是：北京的防尘面罩和空气净化器市场正在迅速发展，因为首都数天来一直被浓雾和雾霾笼罩。boom“迅速发展，兴旺”；loom“隐约地出现，阴森地逼近”；doom“命中
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注定，宣判”；zoom“突然扩大，急速上升”。因此本题选A。
15．(答案)B
[解析]句意是：研究发现，父母正在逐渐弃用传统童话故事，因为对于他们的小孩而言，这些故事太恐怖了。scarce“缺乏的，稀有的”；scary“恐怖的，吓人的”；scared“受惊吓的”；scarred“留下伤痕的”。因此本题选B。
16．(答案)D
[解析]句意是：据显示，将近五分之一的学位课程已被废弃，因为学费翻了三倍，达到每年9 000英镑。scratch“挖出，抓”；scrape“刮，擦”；scrabble“乱写，拼凑成”；scrap“把……废弃，丢弃”。因此本题选D。
17．(答案)A
[解析]句意是：微软创始人比尔·盖茨坦言为父之道，言明给孩子买第一个手机的适宜年龄是13岁。open up“直率、坦诚地说”；take up“开始从事，占用”；put up“提出”；hold up“举起……展示”。因此本题选A。
18．(答案)D
[解析]句意是：随着英国人越来越致力于寻找廉价的、多种多样的食材来做饭，蘑菇的销量创下空前的新纪录。versatile“多才多艺的”；multiple“复合的，多重的”；manifold“多种的，多方面的”；diverse“各种各样的，多种的”。因此本题选D。
19．(答案)B
[解析]句意是：来自韩国发片艺人PSY的疯狂流行的歌曲《江南Style》，已经成为YouTube上观看次数最多的视频。sanely“心智健全地，稳健地”；insanely“疯狂地”；rationally“理性地”；insatiably“不知足地，贪得无厌地”。因此本题选B。
20．(答案)D
[解析]句意是：英国著名理论物理学家史蒂芬·霍金在采访中曾说，天堂是那些害怕黑暗的人的童话故事。imposing“气势宏伟的，给人深刻印象的”；lofty“崇高的，傲慢的”；prominent“卓越的，杰出的”，通常指一群人中或一个团体中突出的人；eminent“著名的，杰出的”。因此本题选D。
21．(答案)A
[解析]句意是：长相漂亮的人通常比相貌平平的人更成功，这也许在某些人看来是丑陋的事实。根据题干中的more可知，此处应填人一个比较级和其对应，故C、D两项可排除。所以，答案是A。
22．(答案)A
[解析]句意是：根据最新民意调查，世上15％的人相信世界末日会来临，他们认为末日到来要么是通过上帝之手，要么是自然灾难或政治事件。either…or为固定词组，表示“不是……就是……，要么……要么……”。因此本题选A。
23．(答案)D
[解析]句意是：欧洲议会已禁止使用“小姐”和“夫人”的称呼，以防冒犯女性成员。as long as“只要，在……的时候”；the moment“一……就”；so that“以便”；in case“万一”。因此本题选D。
24．(答案)C
[解析]句意是：挤得像沙丁鱼一样，汗流浃背的乘客在幽闭的地铁车厢里几乎无法呼吸，更不用说自由移动了。as well as“和，同，既……又”；disregard for“忽视，轻视”；let alone“更不用说”；not mentioning“没有提及”。因此本题选C。
25．(答案)D
[解析]句意是：日本是仍在捕鲸的三个国家之一，日本政府说这是一种重要的文化传统。
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?????????????专业?? 权威?? 轻松?? 快乐?????????????北大考博英语历年真题?
where引导状语从句。先行词one of only three countries在从句中充当地点状语，所以用where充当引导词。因此本题选D。
Part Ⅲ Cloze Test
26．(答案)C
[解析]文章要表达的意思是人文学科的教授对被科学驱之门外不悦，他们认为科学是右倾学术。satisfied“满意地”；angry“愤怒地，生气地”；displeased“不高兴地”；proud“自豪地”。因此本题选C。
27．(答案)C
[解析]这句话的意思是后现代主义采纳了文化人类学和相对论的某些观点。discount“打折，贴现”；doubt“怀疑”；adopt“采纳”；share“共享”。因此本题选C。
28．(答案)D
[解析]这句话的意思是，真相是相对的，受制于观察者的假设和偏见。objective“客观的”；subjective“主观的”；cultural“文化的”；relative“相对的”。因此本题选D。
29．(答案)B
[解析]这句话的意思是，科学只是认知的众多方式中的一种，并不比其他方式更有效。variable“可变的，不定的”；valid“正确的，有效的”；valuable“重要的，有价值的”；various“不同的，多方面的”。因此本题选B。
30．(答案)D
[解析]此空格的前文说科学只是认知的众多方式中的一种。这句话接着说他们对科学的定义，由此可知前后文为递进关系。四个选项中只有D选项表示递进关系，因此本题选D。
31．(答案)D
[解析]这句话说，他们将科学定义为白种人的认知方式，而且是文化压迫的一种工具。assimilation“同化”；inhibition“禁止，压抑”；representation“表示，表现”；oppression“压迫”。因此本题选D。
32．(答案)A
[解析]由这个句子中的“广泛采用”可推知，这一观点受到许多女权主义者和民权活动家的认同。B选项agree应与by搭配，表示受到某人认同。只有A选项与with搭配符合上下文意思，表示“得到回应”。因此本题选A。
33．(答案)D
[解析]这句话中后半部分的and分句表示这一运动受到Woody Allen的讽刺，由此可以推出，空格处也是否定的意思。四个选项中只有D选项表示否定，因此本题选D。
34．(答案)C
[解析]offset“抵消”；produce“产生”；undermine“逐渐削弱，暗暗破坏”；strengthen“加强，强化”。此句后面说到这会导致独裁主义，由此可知这会破坏民主。因此本题选C。
35．(答案)C
[解析]前文说接受这种相对主义的世界观会破坏民主，导致独裁主义。这句话说大约三个世纪前，John Locke展示了出现这种情况的原因。因此本题选C。
36．(答案)B
[解析]find“发现”；define“下定义”；dictate“命令，规定”；claim“声称”。句意是，1689年，他给知识是什么以及它的依据何在进行了定义，因此本题选B。
37．(答案)D
[解析]practical“实际的”；equal“平等的”；useful“有用的”；equitable“公平的，公正的”。句子的意思是，世界是可知的、客观的，以经验为依据的知识是公共政策最……基础。前文一直在说民主，由此可推出，这一观点认为以经验为依据的知识是制定公共政策最公正
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