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应用文写作（1）：书信写作
应用文写作是 2005 年大纲修订之后出现的新题型，与以往的考试大纲相比较，修订后的新大纲在写作部分做了很大的调整，其主要变化为：写作部分在短文写作的基础上新增加了一篇 100 字左右的应用文，使写作部分由一篇变成了两篇。新增的应用文包括书信 (letter)、备忘录(memo)和报告(report)等。命题采用为考生提供规定情景的方法，这一部分共 10 分。在英语写作中, 应用文体包含的内容比较广泛，如：私人书信、公务信函、备忘录、摘要等。从应试角度，我们可以宏观地将其分为书信类应用文和告示类应用文。
书信写作
1. 英文书信的种类和用途
书信根据读者对象的不同，主要分为两大类，一类是写给亲朋好友的，称之为私人信函（Personal Letters）；另一类是写给团体、政府机关和商业机构的信函，称之为公务信函 （Business Letters）；就其用途而言，书信可分为求职信、咨询信、感谢信、投诉信、建议 信、邀请信、推荐信等。
2. 书信类应用文
书信是人们日常写作生活中交流思想的一个重要工具。英语书信与一般作文的写法不同，有自己的独特的语言及文体格式。英文书信的公务信函的结构格式大致相同，但在措辞、时态、语言的正式程度方面有很大差异。了解英语书信的书写要求，写好英语书信考生应该具有的基本写作能力之一。
3. 英文书信的写作格式
1）缩进式
每段的开头向右缩进 2个字符，与写汉语文章类似。这时，段与段之间可以加一个空行， 也可以不加空行。
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2）齐头式
每段的开头不向右缩进，但段与段之间用一个空行分开。由于每段的第一行不向右缩进，从左边看是齐头的，所以也称为齐头式。
4. 英文书信的组成部分
规范的英文书信主要由以下六个部分和两个附加部分组成：
1）信头（Heading）：列出寄信人的地址和写信日期
2）信内地址（Inside Address）：列出收信人的姓名和地址
3）称呼（Salutation）：对目标读者对象的称谓
4）正文（Body）：信函的主体内容
5）结束语 ( Complimentary Close)如：Yours truly, Yours sincerely 等
6）签名（The Signature）：签名落款
7）附言 （Postscript）：如需补充内容，可使用此项
8）附件注明 （Enclosed mark）：如信内附其他文件，需在信末左下方写上“Encl”
5. 常考书信类作文及写作方法
1）建议信
【常用句型】
1. I?d like to provide some suggestions on
2. I?d like to suggest that you.
3. It?s my pleasure to offer you some advice on4. In general, my suggestions are as follows:
【参考范文】
Dear Mary,
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I am delighted to learn that you will graduate from the Zhejiang University very soon. Last time you asked me how to make a wise choice before graduation. So I am writing to provide some suggestions for you.
In my opinion, it is a good choice for you to further your study after graduation because higher degree will make you more competitive in the job market in the future. Besides, it will also broaden your vision, which is beneficial to your further development in the long run.
At last, I do hope that you will find my suggestions constructive and I am looking forward toyour early reply.
Yours,
Li Ming
2）感谢信
【常用句型】
1. I am writing to show my heart-felt gratitude for2. I am grateful to you for.
3. I appreciate it more than I can say.
4. I deeply appreciate5. I do appreciate. 6. I would like to take this opportunity to express to you my deep appreciation for the kind assistance you rendered me.
7. Again, I would like to express our warm thanks to you.
【参考范文】
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Dear manager,
I am writing to express my thanks to you and your employee Miss Li, who helped me to findmy wallet while I was staying at your hotel.
The other day I was really careless when I was having lunch in the restaurant. I paid the bill and somehow I left my wallet on the table. I had already walked out of the hall when Miss Licame up with my wallet. And she didn’t even accept a reward. I am sure Miss Li is just one of the Chinese workers who are honest and reliable. Her good qualities are really something and I will always keep it in mind. Please send my best wishes to Miss Li.
Truly yours
Li Ming
3）申请信
【常用句型】
1. I am writing to apply for the position ofthis morning.
2. I've learned from the newspaper that your company is looking for a.
3. I am writing to inquire whether there is a vacancy in your company.
4. I graduated from Peking University with a bachelor's degree in Mathematics three years ago.
5. After completing my four-year study at Peking University in 2007, I was employed by LENOVO Company as a. that you advertised in China Daily
6. I have been working insince my graduation, and have thereforeaccumulated
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thesufficient knowledge and experience in this field.
7. I shall be glad to provide you with any further information concerning my education and professional experience.
8. I will be available for an interview at any time at your convenience.
【参考范文】
Dear Sir,
I am Li Ming, one of the 2013 graduates of Peking University. I am keenly interested in the post of being a salesman in your company.
I think that I will be the right candidate for this position. To begin with, my major particularly matches the requirements of the ads. I major in marketing and will graduate from Peking University very soon and obtain my bachelor's degree. What’s important is that, during the past four academic years, I participated in all kinds of promotion activities, which greatly enriched my experience in marketing. At last, I would be most grateful if you take my application into a favorable consideration. I am looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely
Li Ming
4）投诉信
【常用句型】
1. I am writing to complain about
2. I am sorry to trouble you, but I am afraid that I have to make complaints about .
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3. Frankly speaking, I am not satisfied with4. I am completely disappointed to find that.
5. I request you to replaceorder.
6. I would ask you to refund, otherwise I would complain to the authorities concerned.
7. I am looking forward to your early reply.
【参考范文】
Dear Editor,
I have been one of the faithful readers of the newspaper and today I am writing to inform you about my unpleasant experience in our city last week.
Last Monday I bought a dictionary in one of the biggest bookstores of the city. But when I came back home, I found that the book had lost several pages. So I have to go back to the bookstore and asked the shop assistants to replace for me politely. But to my disappointment, he turned down my request rudely.
Here, what I want to say is that what they did not only disappoints the consumers, but also damages the good reputation of the city. I do hope that the media can appeal to thedepartments concerned to pay more attention to such phenomenon.
Yours sincerely
Li Ming
5）询问信
【常用句型】
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. with a new one, which must be in perfect working
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1. I’m writing to inquire whether.
. 2. Would you please offer me some information concerning3. I am writing to you in the hope that. 4. I would like to inquire something about5. I shall be grateful to you if you6. My first question is7. Please give me a prompt reply at your earliest convenience.
【参考范文】
Dear Ms. Allen,
I’m writing to inquire whether you accept senior visiting scholars from outside the UnitedStates.
I’m a vice-professor in the Department of Education at Peking Normal University in China, aged 37. I graduated from the university in 1983, majoring in biological engineering and I received my Bachelor’s Degree and Master’s Degree in 1983 and 1986 respectively at the same university. After graduation I have been engaged in teaching and research work at the university.
I’d like you to send me an application form and other relevant information. My documentsand references are available on request. Thank you for your attention!
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
6）致歉信
【常用句型】
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1. I am extremely sorry for2. I must apologize to you for. 3. I cannot tell you how sorry I am for
4. I just do not know what to say about it. But I do know it was my fault.
5. I am afraid I have brought you too much trouble.
6. I did not mean to.
7. It is very inconsiderate of me to.
8. I regret to inform you that I am unable to
9. I do beg your pardon for the mess I have made.
10. I will try my best not to make such kind of mistakes again.
11. Again, please accept my sincere apologies for【参考范文】
Dear David,
How are you recently? Now I am writing to extend my sincere apology for you because I am unable to meet you at the airport tomorrow afternoon.
Originally, I planned to go to the airport and meet you in person. But unfortunately I was informed that I had to attend a business meeting which is related to the project that I am in charge of. That is why I can’t meet you in person as I promised. I do apologize for that.
Being unfamiliar with the city, please wait for me at the gate of the airport and I’ll go there as quickly as possible after the meeting. You can also drink some coffee in KFC while waiting for me.
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I’m sorry again for the inconvenience caused.
Yours,
Li Ming
7）推荐信
【常用句型】
1. It is my great honor to recommend.
2. It's my great pleasure to recommend. 3. Through my contact with her, I am impressed by4. She is both enthusiastic and cooperative.
5. With this good character, I am sure that.
6. Your favorable consideration of her application will be most appreciated
7. If further information is needed, please feel free to contact me.
【参考范文】
Dear Professor Smith,
It is my great honor to recommend Li Jing, one of my best students three years ago, to you and he wants to apply for the position of being your assistant.
Up to now, I have known her for more than three years. She took my course in the fall of 2009. She is very interested in biochemistry and does a good job in it. Through my contact with her, I am impressed by her intelligence and ability. She has a clear mind and great ability to handle the difficult questions. Besides, she is both enthusiastic and cooperative. With this good character, I am sure that she will be qualified for the positioned mentioned above.
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Finally, I hope that you can grant her a good opportunity to realize the great potentialities. Your favorable consideration of her application will be most appreciated. If further informationis needed, please feel free to contact me.
Yours sincerely,
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Li Ming
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