延续性动词和终止性动词

延续性动词和终止性动词

一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念

英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。

二、延续性动词的用法特征

1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。表示"段时间"的短语有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如：I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。

2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。如：It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示"点时间"，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如：

-When did you get to know Jack?

-Two years ago.

-Then you've known each other for more than two years.

-That's right.

三、终止性动词的用法特征

1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如：

The train has arrived.火车到了。

Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗？

2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如：

(1)他死了三年了。

误：He has died for three years.

正：He has been dead for three years.

正：He died three years ago.

正：It is three years since he died.

正：Three years has passed since he died.

(2)他来这儿五天了。

误：He has come here for five days.

正：He has been here for five days.

正：He came here five days ago.

正：It is five days since he came here.

正：Five days has passed since he came here.

(1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词，不能与表示"段时间"的状语连用。那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四种方法：

(1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例：leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead,

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