【提问】请问下面这个句子中的动词+ing形式是动名词吗?
Must be able to exist without sleep for up to six days while completing other duties. (Experiencing English Extended Book 2 Page 23)
我们讨论过动名词的功能以及用法,动名词与现在分词有着相同的形式,但是在功能和用法上存在很大的区别,两者在句中充当不同的成分,起着各自不同的作用。
现在分词在句中通常可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语,所起的作用相当于形容词或副词。
一、现在分词的形式
1. 现在分词的一般式由“动词+ing”构成,其被动式为“being+动词过去分词”。 例如:The students standing there are from Class Three. 站在那里的学生来自三班。 The English novel being translated by the editor now will be completed in October. 那位编辑现在正在翻译的英文小说将在10月份完成。
2. 现在分词的完成式由“having +动词过去分词”构成,其被动式为“having +been+动词过去分词”。
例如:Having finished all the work, they had a good rest. 结束了所有的工作后,他们好好地休息了一下。
Having been laughed at his looks during the childhood, the boy is still very sensitive about his appearance so far. 由于童年时相貌被嘲笑,男孩至今仍然对自己的形象很敏感。
3. 现在分词的否定式为“not +动词-ing”,被动式的否定式为“not+being+动词过去分词”,其完成式的否定式为“not + having +动词过去分词”。
例如:Not reading carefully, he wouldn’t find many things he had not known before. 不认真读书,他就不会发现许多以前从来不知道的东西。
Not being noticed by the public, the young writer felt a little pity. 没被公众所关注,年轻的作家感到有点遗憾。
Not having received a reply, he decided to write again. 没有回应,因此他决定再写一封信。
二、现在分词的用法
1. 作定语现在分词作定语,具有形容词的性质。一般说来,单个的现在分词一般可以前置作定语,修饰名词;如果现在分词构成分词短语则后置作定语。
例如:Keep quiet. Don't wake up the sleeping children. 请安静。不要吵醒睡觉的孩子
们。We live in a room facing the south. 我们住在一间朝南的房间里。
2. 作表语现在分词作表语时总是放在系动词的后面,构成系表结构,表示主语的状态。
例如:The story sounds interesting. 这故事听起来很有趣。
The promising future is more encouraging than ever before. 未来充满希望,前所未有地鼓舞人心。
It is annoying that the meeting should be put off. 会议要推迟,真是恼人。
3. 作宾语补足语现在分词作宾语补足语,通常用在感官动词或使役动词的宾语后面,表示主动或动作正在进行。
例如:Some people leave the water running after washing hands. 有些人洗完手后就让水依然哗哗地流着。
When I found him cheating, I decided not to accept his flatteries and apologies any more. 当我发现他欺骗我时,我决定再不接受他的奉承和道歉了。
4. 作状语现在分词作状语,相当于一个表示原因、时间、方式、条件、结果等情况的状语从句。根据需要可以使用被动式或完成式。
1) 表示时间,相当于状语从句when, while。
例如:He went through the papers while listening to music. 他边浏览报纸,边听音乐。 Studying at the hometown, I enjoyed the happiest time during my life. 在家乡学习的时候,我享受了这一生最快乐的时光。
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