句子成分及练习
安阳市第三中学单秀英
一. 句子成分的定义:
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;
主要成分有主语和谓语;
次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和插入语。
二.主语:是一个句子所叙述的主体,是全句述说的对象,也就是说,表示句子说的是什么人或什么事,一般放于句首。常用名词,数词或代词担任。如:
1. Students study.
2. We often speak English in class.
3. One-third of the students in this class are girls.
4. To swim in the river is a great pleasure.
5. Smoking does harm to the health.
三.谓语:是对主语加以陈述,说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。谓语的构成如下:
1.简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:
(1) Students study.
(2) I have a dream.
(3)The plane took off at ten o’clock
2.复合谓语:
(1)由情态动词加动词原形构成。如:
You may keep the book for two weeks.
(2)由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成。如:
They are working in a field.
He has caught a bad cold.
(3)由系动词加表语构成。如:
We are students.
注意:谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。
四.宾语:表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。如:
1.He is doing his homework.
2.I play with him.
3.I enjoy listening to popular music.
4.He decided to work harder.
5.I think(that)he is honest.
五.表语:用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。如:
1. Time is money.
2. It is mime.
3. He seems very sad .
4. The speech is exciting.
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