一、动词(verbs)
1、情态动词
情态动词表示说话人对所说动作的观点,如需要、可能、意愿、怀疑等。在形式上,情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化,有的情态动词没有时态的变化,如must。情态动词本身词义不完全,不能单独作谓语动词,必须和不带“to”的动词原形连用。常见情态动词有can,may,must,have to,should,would等。情态动词一般有多个意义。情态动词的否定式一般是在其后面加not构成,一般疑问句通常将其提到句首。情态动词的肯定式一般不重读。
1)can
(1)表示能力
We can speak a little English.
Her sister can play the violin.
I can play badminton but I can’t play volleyball.
(2)表示许可
You can play basketball on weekends.
We can’t run in the hallways.
(3)表示请求
Can you help me with my Chinese?
Could you tell him to call me back?(这儿的could比can更委婉。)
2)must表示“必须”
Don’t arrive late for class. We must be on time.
Molly must do her homework first when she gets home.
3)have to表示 “不得不”,“必须”
We have to be quiet in the library.
She has to do herhomework first when she gets home.
have to表示“必须”时与must意义很接近,有时可与must互换。例如:
We have to/must follow the rules.
但在以下方面有所不同:
(1)must通常表示的是说话人的主观看法,语气比较强列,have to往往强调客观需要,例如:
I must go now.
It’s a little late and I have to go now.
(2)它们的否定式含义大不相同。mustn’t表示“不准”、“禁止”,而don’t have to表示“不必”。例如:
You mustn’t talk to your mother like that.
You don’t have to come if you don’t want to.
(3)must一般只表示现在,没有人称和数的变化。而have to则可以用于不同的时态,有人称和数的变化。例如:
I/We/You/They must do something about it.
I have to finish my work today.
She has to finish her work today.
They had to get to the station before 5:00.
2、现在进行时
1)现在进行时表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。例如:
The students are listening to the teacher.
www.99jianzhu.com/包含内容:建筑图纸、PDF/word/ppt 流程,表格,案例,最新,免费下载,施工方案、工程书籍、建筑论文、合同表格、标准规范、CAD图纸等内容。