定语从句讲解及练习
一. 定义:在复合句中,修饰某一名词 或代词 的从句叫做定语从句。
如:1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.
2) You must do everything that I do.
? 上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。
? 引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why
? 关系词常有三个作用:1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分
二. 关系代词引导的定语从句
1. who指人,在从句中做主语或宾语
(1)The boysare from Class One.
(2)Yesterday I helped an old man .
? 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或whom.
例如:Is there anyone here who will go with you?
2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person .
? 关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。 例如:The manis my friend.
3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game . ( which 在句子中做主语)
(2) This is the pen . ( which 在句子中做宾语)
4. that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。
(在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。)
(1) The peopleare all here. (在句子中做主语)
(2) Where is the man ? (在句子中做宾语) 具体使用时还要注意下列问题:
? 只能使用that,不用which 的情况:
(1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。 例如: All that he said is true.
(2) 先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。
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