宾语从句
一、概述
宾语从句是名词性从句的一种,相当于名词或名词性短语,、在全句中作宾语(什么加宾语?)。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式、动名词、分词之后均可以带宾语从句。描写情感的形容词(如glad、certain、sure、happy、pleased、sorry、afraid等)的后面亦可带宾语从句。
二、宾语从句 要素
1.语序
必须使用陈述语序,即“主句+连词+宾语从句(主语+谓语+??)”句式。如:These children don't know what is in their stockings.这些孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西。 He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他问我们班上谁的书法最好。Could you tell me what I should do with the money ?你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗? 注:what was/is the matter是陈述语序.
2.连接词 (与从句的原句有关)
1. that陈述句变宾语从句
陈述句变宾语从句时,语序不变,用that连接(that一般可以省略),此时that无词义,不充当句子成分。
He is an honest man. My mother always says (that) he is an honest man.
当宾语从句出现并列现象时,第一个宾语从句可以省略that,而第二个宾语从句中的that却不可以省略。
e.g.The dealer told me how much he was prepared to pay for my car and that I could have the money without delay.
( 那个商人告诉我他准备出多少钱买我的汽车,并说我会立即收到钱。)
2. If/whether一般疑问句变宾语从句
一般疑问句变宾语从句时,语序变为陈述句语序,用if/whether连接(if、whether一般可以互换),其意思是“是否”,也不充当句子成分。
Will they win? I’m not sure if/whether they will win.
if和whether作“是否”理解时的意义完全相同,一般可以互换。但在下列情况下,只能用whether,不能用if。
(1)在正式文体中,句中有or not时
e.g.①I wonder whether it is big enough or not.
②We should be on time whether it’s a fine day or not.
(2)作介词的宾语
e.g.I’m concerned about whether he has signed the contract (or not).
(3)放在不定式前,与不定式组成词组
e.g.She hasn’t decided whether to go or not.
3.特殊疑问词特殊疑问句变宾语从句
特殊疑问句变宾语从句时,语序变为陈述句语序,用原来的疑问词连接,其意思不变,并且要充当句子成分。
What does he want? I don’t know what he wants.
如果特殊疑问句的疑问词在句中作主语,变宾语从句时语序不变,原来的疑问词既作宾语从
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