过去分词作定语
1)语法功能
过去分词或过去分词短语作定语时,其功能相当于一个定语从句。被修饰的词是分词所表示的行为的承受者;在逻辑上,它们是动宾关系。 The lecture given by Professor Zhang is about environment protection. a.单个的过去分词作定语时,位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面。
the affected people受感染的人a broken heart一颗破碎的心
a lost dog丧家之犬a broken glass被打破的玻璃杯
Attention:过去分词修饰 something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody,those 等不定代词时,要放在这些词后面。
Is there anything unsolved?
There is noting changed here since I left this town.
b. 过去分词短语作定语:通常后置,其作用相当于定语从句。
people exposed to cholera= people who was exposed to cholera
the book recommended by Jack= the book which was recommended by Jack
the machines produced last year= the machines which were produced last year
c. 不及物动词的过去分词作定语时不表被动,只表完成。
a risen sun已升起的太阳the gone days 逝去的时光
fallen leaves 落叶
2)现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别:
现在分词作定语,表示正在进行的动作;过去分词作定语,所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生,(或者没有一定的时间性)。
The letter posted yesterday will soon reach him.
Have you read the book recommended by your teacher?这是你老师推荐的书吗?
对比:
the changing world(正在变化的)the changed world(变化了的)
boiling water(正在沸腾的)boiled water(已经沸腾过的)
fading flowers(正在凋谢的)faded flowers(已经凋谢的)
a developing country(发展中的)a developed country(发达的)
a drowning man快要淹死的人a drowned man已经淹死的人
falling leaves正在飘落的树叶fallen leaves落叶
a retired worker退休工人an escaped prisoner逃犯
3)及物动词的过去分词(done)与现在分词的被动式
(being done)都可以表示“被动”,但前者多表示一个完成了的动作,而后者则表示一个正在进行的动作.
the problem discussed yesterday
the problem being discussed
1
www.99jianzhu.com/包含内容:建筑图纸、PDF/word/ppt 流程,表格,案例,最新,免费下载,施工方案、工程书籍、建筑论文、合同表格、标准规范、CAD图纸等内容。