初高中衔接课导学稿
第二节句子成份 课型：复习课
一、 基本概念
英语句子的基本成分有：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、同位语。
（1）主语 表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或
句子充当，置于句首。
The sun rises in the east. (名词)
He likes dancing. (代词)
Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)
Seeing is believing. (动名词)
To see is to believe. (不定式)
What he needs is a book. (主语从句)
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
(It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)
（2）谓语 说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，一般位于主语之
后。
We study English. (动词)
The plane took off at 10 o’clock yesterday.（动词短语）
（3）表语系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。一般由形容词、名词、副词、
介词短语、不定式、从句等来充当。
常见的系动词有: be, 感官系动词：sound(听起来)， look(看起来)， feel(摸起来)，
smell(闻起来)，taste(尝、吃起来)，feel(感觉)；变化系动词go, become;保持系动词
keep， stay， remain(保持) 。
He is a teacher. (名词)
It’s me!（代词）
Five and five is ten. (数词)
He is asleep. (形容词)
Altitude is determined by attitude；success is determined by details.
I’m home . (副词)
The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)
To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. ” (不定式) The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)
（4）宾语 表示动作的对象或承受者，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，
位于及物动词和介词后面。
1). 动作的承受者-----动宾
He cleaned the house.
2). 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake?
3). 双宾语-----间接宾语（指人）和直接宾语（指物）
He gave me a book yesterday.
二、练习题
(一) 找出下列句中的主语并说出是由什么来充当的。
1.We wrote a letter of thanks to whoever had helped us .
2. What has happened proves that our policy is right .
3. To say it is easier than to do it .
4. There are some boys and girls on the playground .
5. Who knows the answer?
6.Smoking does harm to the health.
(二) 挑出下列句中的表语
① The old man was feeling very tired.
② Why is he worried about Jim?
③ The leaves have turned yellow.
④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.
⑤ She was the first to learn about it.
(三)指出下列句子中的宾语
Altitude is determined by attitude；success is determined by details.
1.My brother hasn't done his homework.
2.Many people speak English.
3.You will find it useful after you leave school.
4. Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.
5. They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is. 6. My father bought me a new bike last week.
（5）定语：
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由名词、形容词、 代词、数词、副词、介词短语、不定式、分词等来充当。（形容词） （现在分词） （过去分词） （名词） （形容词性物主代词） （不定式） （动名词） （介词短语） 练一练：
挑出下列句中的定语。
① They use Mr./ Mrs. with the family name.
A B C D
② What is your given name?
A B C D
③ On the third floor are Class 1 and Class 3.
A B C D
④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
A B C D
⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
A B C D
Altitude is determined by attitude；success is determined by details.
⑥ I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!
A B C D
(6)状语：
用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的方式、程度等。一般由副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、从句或相当于副词的词组或短语等来充当。如： (副词性词组) （介词短语） 不定式) (现在分词短语) （状语从句）
状语种类：时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、地点状语、方式状语、目的状语、结果状语、让
步状语、伴随状语、比较状语等。 （时间状语）
Last night he didn’t go to the dance party （原因状语）
I shall go there（条件状语从句） （地点状语） （方式状语） （伴随状语） （目的状语） （结果状语从句） （让步状语从句） （比较状语从句）
练一练：
挑出下列句中的状语
① There was a big smile on her face.
A BCD
② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
A B C D
③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.
A B C D
Altitude is determined by attitude；success is determined by details.
④ The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast.
A B C D
⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
A B C
⑥ She loves the library because she loves books.
A B C D
⑦ I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.
A B C D
⑧ The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.
AB C D
(7)补语
补语是起补充说明作用的成份，最常见的是宾语补足语。宾语补足语用在宾语后，说明宾语的行为、状态、身份、特征等。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，他们连在一起构成复合宾语。在句法上是不可或缺的。
We call him XiaoWang. (XiaoWang作宾语补足语)
I found him busy doing his homework.(busy作宾语补足语)
We tell him to go into the room.(to go into the room作宾语补足语)
I hear her singing.(singing作宾语补足语)
（8）同位语
英语里同位语也是一种名词修饰语，单词、短语和从句都可用作同位语。最简单而又常见的同位语是位于所修饰的先行词之后，用来说明身份、职务、称号等的名词或名词短语。同位语与被它限定的先行词常常紧挨在一起。
同位语的构成
1．名词及其短语（有时有逗号隔开）
（Mr. Smith是主词our new teacher的同位语,指同一人。）
Altitude is determined by attitude；success is determined by details.
(a friend of my brother's是受词Tom的同位语,指同一人。)
2．动名词短语（有逗号隔开）
A．He enjoys the exercise，
B．that's a good idea．
3．不定式短语（有时有逗号隔开）
A．There is one thing he'll never do—
B．．
4．形容词及其短语（有逗号隔开）
A．He，is unfit for the job．
B．All the countries，，are equal．
5．介词短语（有时有逗号隔开）
As the head of the company，he had to explain what had happened．
＝He，the head of the company，had to explain what had happened．
练习题：挑出下列句中的同位语。
1. This is Mr. Black，director of our hospital．
2. We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.
3. She is a good teacher，the friend of yours．
4. I have the honor to introduce John's sister Jane to you．
5. Tom gave his friend John a book．
6. George Bush, American president, was the governor of the state of Texas．
Altitude is determined by attitude；success is determined by details.
Altitude is determined by attitude；success is determined by details.
www.99jianzhu.com/包含内容：建筑图纸、PDF/word/ppt 流程，表格，案例，最新,免费下载,施工方案、工程书籍、建筑论文、合同表格、标准规范、CAD图纸等内容。