Cloning
(时间：100分钟；满分：120分)Ⅰ.单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
1．(2013·抚顺高二检测)I ________suggested you should do it again.There's no need to get annoyed.
A．merely
C．rarelyB．mostly D．nearly
2．When he heard the news that he developed cancer，he ________.
A．cast down
C．cast outB．was cast down D．was cast out
3．He was admitted into Beijing University.His efforts
________.
A．paid for
C．paid offB．paid out D．paid back
4．(2013·湖北高考)People complain that decisions to approve or deny a permit are often________rather than based on fixed criteria.
A．appropriate
C．arbitraryB．conscious D．controversial
5．The local government should________the responsibility to provide those poor children with equal opportunities to receive education.
A．give
C．drawB．offer D．undertake
6．(2013·铜鼓高二检测)She always differs________me________how to spend the vacation.
A．on；with
C．at；withB．with；on D．from；in
7．The project was predicated on the________that the economy was expanding.
A．produce
C．fateB．assumption D．think
8．However，as the evidence began to________，experts from the zoo felt obliged to investigate.
A．accumulate
C．restoreB．object D．bother
9．He was in poor health，so the doctor________him to drink wine.
A．hoped
B．demanded 1
C．forbade D．prevented
10．The facts had been________from thousands of students in their first year of university study by asking such questions as these.
A．undertaken
C．differed B．made D．obtained
11．—Why do you look disappointed?
—My family object to ________ the Internet even for useful information.
A．I use
C．my using B．me being used D．me to use
12. AIDS is a deadly disease，because once a person gets it，he or she will lose the power to ________ any other disease.
A．struggle
C．resist B．fight D．recover
13．Scientists made a great ________ in the treatment of cancer，stirring the hope of the patients.
A．breakthrough
C．promotion B．progress D．success
14．(2012·山东高考)Be ________ —you can't expect me to finish all this work in so little time.
A．reasonable
C．creative B．confident D．grateful
15．(2012·浙江高考) I made a promise to myself ________ this year，my first year in high school，would be different.
A．whether
C．that B．what D．how
Ⅱ.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
In the past，scientists have produced exact genetic copies of sheep and a few other animals.They__16__these clones from a single cell of an adult animal.
Recently，a private group of scientists has announced__17__to make an exact copy of a human being.Doctor Zavos，an American member of the team，says he and the others will soon begin to__18__humans and they hope to produce the world's first cloned__19__within the next two years. Doctor Zavos says the new international group__20__to offer human cloning to women__21__to become pregnant and produce children.The__22__would be similar to 2
that used to clone animals.It would__23__clearing genetic material from a woman's egg.Doctors then would__24__ genetic material from the woman's husband into the egg__25__putting it in the women's uterus(子宫)．
Doctor Zavos says his__26__plans to do its work in a country near the Mediterranean Sea，but he did not__27__the country.He says an Italian reproductive expert，Severino Antinori，is__28__the team.Doctor Antinori has made great efforts to help many__29__women become pregnant.He is known for__30__pregnancies in women as old as sixty. Many medical experts and other groups__31__the idea of cloning humans.Several doctors criticized the __32__by Doctor Zavos.They say doctors do not know if cloning humans is__33__or safe.They say it would be irresponsible to__34__to clone a human being.That is because the chances of__35__are too small and the risks are too great.
16．A.bought
C．discovered
17．A.plans
C．successes
18．A.create
C．persuade
19．A.plant
C．bird
20．A.plans
C．refuses
21．A.bound
C．unable
22．A.imagination
C．story
23．A.involve
C．make
24．A.translate
C．take
25．A.after
C．before
26．A.country
C．university
B．created D．found B．results D．agreements B．resist D．clone B．animal D．baby B．begins D．happens B．unwilling D．sure B．technology D．symbol B．start D．borrow B．place D．make B．while D．as B．group D．company 3
27．A.call
C．name
28．A.managing
C．having
29．A.great
C．older
30．A.successful
C．thankful
31．A.take up
C．put up
32．A.idea
C．subject
33．A.careful
C．unable
34．A.manage
C．attempt
35．A.fortune
C．failure B．find D．consider B．keeping D．using B．beautiful D．famous B．pitiful D．regretful B．object to D．bring down B．program D．announcement B．interesting D．possible B．refuse D．hope B．reputation D．success
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)
A
Up to now，some scientists have suggested that cloning existing people might be ethically(伦理地) acceptable in some cases.One possibility is generating replacement for a dying relative.All such possibilities，however，raise the concern that the clone would be treated as less than a complete individual，because he or she would likely suffer from limitations and expectations based on the family's knowledge of the genetic“twin”．Those expectations might be false，because human personality is only partly determined by genes.The clone of an extrovert(性格外向的人) could have a quite different way of behavior.Clones of athletes，movie stars，or scientists might well choose different careers because of chance events in early life.
Some people have also pointed out that couples in which one member is infertile (不生育) might choose to make a copy of one or the other partner.But society ought to be concerned that a couple might not treat naturally a child who is a copy of just one of them.Because other methods are available for the treatment of all known 4
types of infertility，the traditional choice seems more appropriate.None of the suggested uses of cloning for making copies of existing people is ethically acceptable to my way of thinking，because they are not in the interests of the resulting child.It should go without saying that I am strongly opposed to allowing cloned human embryos to develop so that they can be tissue donors.
In spite of this，it seems clear that cloning from cultured (人工培育的) cells will offer important medical opportunities.Predictions about new technologies are often wrong；societal attitudes change；unexpected developments occur.Time will tell.But biomedical researchers looking into the potential of cloning now have plenty to do.
36．Towards cloning an existing person，what concern does the author show?
A．The clone created is unlikely to fulfill your expectations.
B．The clone created is ethically unacceptable.
C．The clone created will be mistreated.
D．The clone created will have one defect or another.
37．From the text we know that a clone will________.
A．be partly similar in personality to the person it is created from
B．share the same characteristics with the person it is created from
C．choose the same career as the person it is created from
D．behave in the same way as the person it is created from
38．In the author's view，which of the following uses of cloning is reasonable?
A．To help childless couples to have a baby.
B．To culture cells for medical purpose.
C．To develop tissue donors.
D．To replace a lost relative.
39．What is the author's attitude towards cloning technology?
A．It should wait till people's views change.
B．It should be condemned.
C．It was unethical from the very beginning.
D．It has medical potential for scientists to explore.
B
My mom's entire life changed in the matter of a few seconds.While driving home late one night，my parents' SUV was hit from behind by a drunk driver traveling 70 miles per hour.Dad was killed instantly.Mom was thrown from the SUV and people found 5
her on the side of the road.
Once I saw my mom in the hospital，I knew she had a long road ahead of her.She had crushing injuries to her arm and shoulder，and her elbow was dislocated in three places，leaving it permanently bent.
Although it took my mom a long time to physically recover from the accident，it was only a short time before my mom's positive spirit returned.Throughout her journey of recovery，my mother rarely complained.I could see the pain in her eyes during physical therapy，but never heard her question why this had happened to her.
In fact，I remember one “role reversal” where we both just had to laugh.Mother had lost a lot of weight during her hospital stay，so I bought her some new clothes.I had to dress her at first，but she challenged herself every day.Finally，when she was able to get dressed on her own，she looked at me in the mirror and started laughing.While she appreciated the clothes I had bought，she really hated the styles I had chosen for her and couldn't wait to go shopping on her own.I started laughing too；she had struggled for months to put on these clothes that she didn't even like!
It reminded me of when I was in kindergarten and my mother made me wear dresses when I just wanted to wear pants.It was a funny role reversal for both of us and I understood how she felt.
It took my mom two long years to gain back her strength and limited flexibility.Those few years were a traumatic time for our entire family.Mom had to overcome many challenges.But she found that strength of will and a sense of humor can get you through the toughest times，even when you don't think you have anything to smile about.
40．The author presented the story by ________.
A．asking drivers to pay attention while driving
B．reminding readers not to drive too fast
C．explaining the result of driving after drinking
D．describing the scene of the accident
41．By saying “a long road ahead of her”，the author meant ________.
A．it would take her mother a long time to recover
B．her mother could continue to live for a long time
C．her mother needed to walk every day to get better
D．her mother would pay a lot for the treatment
6
42．The example of “role reversal” is used to prove ________.
A．her mother was particular about dressing
B．her mother behaved like a girl in the kindergarten
C．her mother could keep a positive attitude
D．her mother had an eye for beautiful clothes
43．The best title for the passage may be________.
A．Remain Clam When Death Drawing Near
B．Keep Your Head Up in Case of Trouble
C．Show Real Courage in Front of Danger
D．Persist No Matter What Your Troubles Are
C
Colorado farmer Chris Jessen and his wife Pam became the newest owners of a “panda cow” when it was born on their farm on New Year's Eve.The calf(小牛)，named Ben，was created through genetic engineering.Ben was the second panda cow born on Jessen's farm，but was a surprise，Jessen said that he was expecting a black calf.
This rare breed of panda cow gets its nickname from its similarity to a panda bear.Its white face and black fur around its eyes are extremely panda-like.There is a white belt circle around the middle part of its black body.Baby Ben has a black mark on its forehead.Its thick newborn coat also increases the similarity to a panda.Ben is expected to grow four feet tall and weigh close to 1,000 pounds，like its father.
The breed is not only extremely rare，but is also only ten years old.The first mini panda cow，Precious，was born on April 27,2000，on the Happy Mountain Miniature Cattle Farm，in Covington，Washington.It took 44 years of genetic engineering by Richard Gradwohl，although the farmer claims the new cow was actually an accident.Precious's father was an American Beltie bull，named Rebel.The mother was a small Happy Mountain cow，named Sarah.Gradwohl is the author of The Beginners Guide to Owning Your Own Miniature Cattle Business guidebook，a 24-part article series.
These miniatures are actually kept to be pets.Jessen plans to sell Ben after training.Cows are social animals that respond well to humans and some will come when their names are called.Panda cows can be petted and are popular with many people.A close relationship can be formed with them，like other more traditional pets.
44．Why was Ben a surprise to Chris Jessen?
A．Because Ben looked different from what he had expected.
7
B．Because Ben was born on New Year's Eve.
C．Because Ben was created through genetic engineering.
D．Because Ben was the second panda cow born on his farm.
45．What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?
A．Cows cannot understand humans' instructions very well.
B．Ben will be kept as a pet by Jessen.
C．Panda cows are too big to be petted.
D．Gradwohl knows how to manage miniature cattle business well.
46．Which of the following is a similarity between Precious and Ben?
A．They were both created through genetic engineering.
B．They are both four feet tall.
C．They belong to the same owner.
D．They were born in the same state of the USA.
47．What is the main purpose of this passage?
A．To introduce a new technology to us.
B．To show us how the panda cow is made.
C．To introduce a genetic engineering invention：the panda cow.
D．To introduce the Happy Mountain Miniature Cattle Farm to us.
D
(2013·浙江高考改编)The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby.Almost from the moment it is born，the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother.During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large，warm，and soft object in its environment，particularly if that object also gives it milk.After a week or so，however，the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on “mother”－the real mother or the mother-substitute(母亲替代物)．
During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological(心理的) thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby.The Harlows，a couple who are both psychologists，discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mothersubstitutes—one covered with cloth and one made of bare wire.If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature，the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother.However，if the wire model was heated，while the cloth model was cool，for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys 8
picked the warm wire mother-substitutes as their favorites.Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother.
Why is cloth preferable to bare wire? Something that the Harlows called contact(接触) comfort seems to be the answer，and a most powerful influence it is.Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers' skins，putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can.Whenever the young animal is frightened，disturbed，or annoyed，it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body.Wire doesn't “rub” as well as does soft cloth.Prolonged (长时间的)“contact comfort”with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk.
According to the Harlows，the basic quality of a baby's love for its mother is trust.If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother，the baby ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be.It screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball.If its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom，the baby rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life.After a few minutes of contact comfort，it obviously begins to feel more secure.It then climbs down from the mother-substitute and begins to explore the toys，but often rushes back for a deep embrace(拥抱) as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well.Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding onto its “mother”．
48．Psychologically，what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life?
A．Warmth.
C．Contact. B．Milk. D．Trust.
49．What does the baby monkey probably gain from prolonged “contact comfort”？
A．Attention.
C．Confidence. B．Softness. D．Interest.
50．It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels secure，________.
A．it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toys
B．it spends more time screaming to get rewards
C．it is less attracted to the toys though they are interesting
D．it cares less about whether its mother is still around
51．The main purpose of the passage is to ________.
A．give the reasons for the experiment
9
B．present the findings of the experiment
C．introduce the method of the experiment
D．describe the process of the experiment
E
(2013·重庆高考)Almost every machine with moving parts has wheels, yet no one knows exactly when the first wheel was invented or what it was used for. We do know, however, that they existed over 5,500 years ago in ancient Asia.
The oldest known transport wheel was discovered in 2002 in Slovenia. It is over 5,100 years old. Evidence suggests that wheels for transport didn't become popular for a while, though. This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans around.
But it could also be because of a difficult situation. While wheels need to roll on smooth surfaces，roads with smooth surfaces weren't going to be constructed until there was plenty of demand for them.Eventually, road surfaces did become smoother, but this difficult situation appeared again a few centuries later.There had been no important changes in wheel and vehicle design before the arrival of modern road design.
In the mid-1700s，a Frenchman came up with a new design of road－a base layer(层) of large stones covered with a thin layer of smaller stones.A Scotsman improved on this design in the 1820s and a strong，lasting road surface became a reality.At around the same time，metal hubs (the central part of a wheel) came into being，followed by the pneumatic tyre(充气轮胎) in 1846.Alloy wheels were invented in 1967，sixty years after the appearance of tarmacked roads(柏油路)．As wheel design took off，vehicles got faster and faster.
52．What might explain why transport wheels didn't become popular for some time?
A．Few knew how to use transport wheels.
B．Humans carried farming tools just as well.
C．Animals were a good means of transport.
D．The existence of transport wheels was not known.
53．What do we know about road design from the passage?
A．It was easier than wheel design.
B．It improved after big changes in vehicle design.
C．It was promoted by fast-moving vehicles.
D．It provided conditions for wheel design to develop.
10
54．How is the last paragraph mainly developed?
A．By giving examples.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By following time order.
D．By making classifications.
55．What is the passage mainly about?
A．The beginning of road design.
B．The development of transport wheels.
C．The history of public transport.
D．The invention of fast-moving vehicles.
Ⅳ.任务型读写(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
You have probably heard it before，most likely from your English teacher.If you want to become a good writer，read good writing.Unfortunately，you may not have understood what did good to you and even what you were supposed to get from that experience.
As you start reading a book，poem，or a story，do so with no thought at all and the experience will improve your writing.Just read for pleasure to begin with，or to learn.As you progress through the work，think about whether or not it is “easy” reading.Do you become so interested in the subject and flow of the writing that you completely forget the person who wrote it，or does the composition sometimes call too much attention to itself through words and phrases that seem out of place or unexpected？These latter situations are a chance to learn from the writer's mistakes.In fact，the reader should not have to worry about how an author does “his thing” ... he should be able to just enjoy and learn.Every time a word strikes you as poorly chosen，stop to consider why it has this effect.Also，do not spend a lot of time analyzing(分析) the passage but put more efforts in enjoying it from the whole.
Another thing I do，particularly with nonfiction(非小说)books，is to select a part to read as if it is a completely separate work.Once again，read as a common consumer rather than a critic (批评家). For learning how words and phrases work together on the most basic level，however，nothing is more suitable than your devotion to reading poems.A poet is often trying to put a book's worth of meaning and feelings into lines，and every side of the work shows a very close attention to craft(工艺)．
11
As you can see，there is no one simple way of reading to improve your writing.The key is not to make it boring.Select authors you admire or like most，and enjoy their works as anyone else would.As long as you are reading，you are improving yourself as a writer.
英语口语课上，同学就转基因食品(GM food)的利与弊进行了一场讨论。请你根据以下表格内的提示，写一篇英语短文，并阐述自己的观点。
2．可增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3．开头已给出，不计入总词数。
We had a heated discussion about the advantages and disadvantages of GM food in our spoken class.
12
______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________
13
综合检测(二)
1．A 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我只是建议你应该重新做，你不需要为此而不高兴。mostly大部分地，通常地；rarely很少地，几乎不；nearly几乎；merely仅仅，只不过。故选A项。
2．B 根据语境“听到得了癌症的消息，他很沮丧”。cast down常用被动语态。
3．C 此处指努力得到了回报。pay off“有起色，好转”；“得到回报”；pay for“付给??钱”；pay back“还钱；报复；惩罚”，故选C项。
4．C appropriate“恰当的，合适的”；conscious“意识到的，清醒的”；arbitrary“随意的，任意的，武断的，专横的”；controversial“有争议的”。与后文的fixed criteria(确定的标准/原则)呼应，这里用arbitrary表示“随意的，任意的”。句意：人们抱怨说，决定颁发许可证或者拒绝授予许可证，这些决定通常都是随意性的行为，而不是以确定的标准为基础的。
5．D 句意：地方政府应该承担责任来给那些贫困的孩子提供平等的机会接受教育。undertake“承担”；另外三个词与responsibility不搭配。
6．B 句意：在如何度假的问题上，她总是与我意见不同。differ with sb.on sth.在某事上与某人有不同之处。
7．B 句意：这一项目是以经济发展的设想为依据的。assumption“设想”，符合句意。
8．A 句意：然而，随着证据开始积聚，动物园的专家们感到有必要进行调查了。accumulate“积聚”；“堆积”。
9．C 句意：因他身体不好，医生禁止他喝酒。A、B两项均不合句意，而且不用于hope/demand sb.to do sth.这一结构；prevent sb.(from) doing sth.阻止某人干某事。故选C项，forbid sb.to do sth.禁止某人干某事。
10．D 句意：通过向数千名大一学生提出这样的问题，获得他们学习的情况。obtain“获得；得到”。undertake“着手；承担”；differ“区别；不同”。
11．C object to sb.doing中to为介词，后跟动词的-ing形式。
12．C 句意：艾滋病是一种致命的疾病，因为人一旦患有这种病，就失去了抵抗其他疾病的能力。resist“抵抗”。
13．A 句意：科学家们在癌症治疗方面取得了重大突破，为患者燃起了希望。make a breakthrough“取得突破”，符合句意。
14．A 此处confident信心；creative有创造力的，创造(性)的；grateful感激的；reasonable有道理的。句意：要讲道理，你不能指望我在如此短的时间里完成所有的工作。
15．C that引导同位语从句，在从句中不做句子成分，补充说明同位语promise的内容。
14
www.99jianzhu.com/包含内容：建筑图纸、PDF/word/ppt 流程，表格，案例，最新,免费下载,施工方案、工程书籍、建筑论文、合同表格、标准规范、CAD图纸等内容。