中考英语重点单词和短语用法总结
1 cost / take / spend / pay 花费
2 花费时间做某事 : It takes sb some time
to do sth . = sb spend some time (in)doing sth .= sb spend some time on sth .
某人花钱买某物 : sb spend some money on sth .= sb pay some money for sth . = sth cost sb . some money .
※ spend 和 pay 主语都是人, cost 主语是物。
※ spent 还可以指“度过”→ How did you spend your weekend ?
2thanks for为…而感谢
thanks to 多亏/由于
3 感叹句 :多么… what + 名词
how + 形容词 / 副词
4因为、由于 : because( 连词 ) +从句: ( 表示原因 )
because of(介词短语) + 名词(短语 )= thanks to
※because和 so不能同时连用 。 5 来自 : be from = come from
6 How ~
How often 对频率提问 ( 多久一次) →回答用表示频率的副词或短语
How long 对一段时间提问 (多久 ) →回答用表示一段时间的状语
How soon 对将来时间提问 ( 多久 ) →回答用 in+时间段
How far 询问多长距离(多长)
7乘交通工具 : take a / the +交通工具 在句中作谓语
by+交通工具=on a 交通工具在句中作方式状语
交通工具有:
train/bus/car/taxi/boat/subway/plane...
※ 骑自行车、马或驴用ride : ride one’s bike / ride a horse / ride a donkey in one’s car 8对不起 : Excuse me (劳驾,客套话 ) Sorry ( 表示道歉 )
9声音 : sound ( 自然界各种声音 ) noise(噪音)
voice(悦耳的声音:嗓子)
10 look like (外貌看起来像… ) be like ( 性格像… )
11 take… to … 带去 bring…to …带来 fetch 没有方向性(强调来回)
12 一些 : some 用于肯定句
any 用于否定句和疑问句
※ 在一般疑问句中,认为对方的答案会是肯定的,或期望得到对方肯定回答时,也用some。
13 多少 : How many修饰可数名词复数 How much 修饰不可数名词
※ How much可对价钱提问:How much are the potatoes ?
14看 :see 强调看的结果
look ( at ) 不及物动词,强调看的动作 watch 观看:比赛、电视、表演、电影
read 读,朗读:看书、看报、看信、看杂志 ※On Saturday night. I saw an interesting talk show.
On Saturday evening. several kids watched a movie. watch a movie =go to a movie 15 stop doing sth 停止做某事 → Please stop talking
stop to do sth 停下来去做别的事
16 forget / remember后接不定式表示未发生的动作
forget / remember to do sth(忘记/记得去做某事)→ He forgot to turn off the light.(没有做关灯的动作) Remember to go to the post office after school.
orget / remember 后接ving表示已发生的动作:
△forget / remember doing sth(忘记/记得做过某事)→ He forgot turningoff the light 。(已做过关灯的动作)
17到达… reach + 地点
get to + 地点 reach = get to
arrive + in + 大地点
arrive + at + 小地点
※ 当get to和 arrive at /in后接地点副词时,都不加介词。如:get home get there 省略 to 18 擅长,在…方面做得好 : be good at = do well in
19 win ( 赢得 )接a game、 war 、a match、 a prize
beat( 打败、战胜 )接运动员、球队、对手等。
33 借/还。lend/borrow
借 borrow sth. from sb = borrow sb. sth 向某人借某物→ borrow借入
lend sth. to sb = lend sb. sth把某物借给某人 → lend 借出
keep延续性动词 ,与一段时间连用。
※ 类似用法的还有:buy — have put on — wear become — be
leave — be away from open — be open begin — be on
die — be dead return — be back
21 能,会。be able to,can
※ 情态动词后面都接动词原形。
22太~ too~
too many 太多 — 修饰可数名词复数→ I have too many rules in my house.
too much 太多 — 修饰不可数名词→ Maybe you have too much yin.
much too太— 后跟形容词或副词原级→ This coat is much too expensive.
23 have / has been to 去过某地 →He has been to Beijing. (现在不在北京)
have / has gone to 去了某地 →He has gone to Beijing. (现在可能在北京,或在去北京的途中)
have/hasbeen in / at在某地
24 used to do sth.过去常做某事→ This river used to be very clean .
be(get)used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 → I’m not used to getting up early.
be used to do sth = be used for doing sth. 被用于做某事→ Pens are used for writing. 26 belong to + 名词 / 人称代词宾格 (属于)
be + 名词所有格 / 名词性物主代词 (是) 26 can’t 不可能
表示推测、判断 could/might 也许、可能 50﹪— 80﹪
must 肯定、一定 100﹪
27 be made from (由…制成)看不出原材料 be made of (由…制成)看得出原材料 27 prefer to do sth 宁愿做某事
prefer sth 。 to sth 。 喜欢…而不喜欢… prefer doing sth 。 to doing sth 。 喜欢做…而不喜欢做…
26 一些表示人的情感或情绪的形容词 : —ed 修饰人 —ing 修饰物
※ interesting(有趣的) — interested(感兴趣的) tiring(累人的)— tired(累的,疲倦的)
boring (令人无聊的)— bored(无聊的)exciting(令人兴奋的)— excited(激动的) surprising(令人惊讶的) — surprised(惊讶的)
relaxing(令人放松的) — relaxed(放松的) embarrassing (令人尴尬的;令人为难的) — embarrassed (尴尬的;为难的)
29 the number of + 名词复数(…的数量)作主语, 谓语用单数。
a number of + 名词复数 (许多、一些)= many
31 for + 一段时间
since + 时间点/过去时的句子
※ for和 since 可以相互转换。如:Jenny has been collecting coins for several years . = Jenny has been collecting coins since several years ______.
32 除…之外
except (不包括在内)→ Everyone could answer this question except Jim .
besides (包括在内)→There are three girls besides me.
34 已经
already 用于肯定句中(已经)
yet 用于疑问句末(已经)
用于否定句末(还)
34 否定祈使句 Don’t + v.
No + v.ing / n.
35 也
too 放肯定句末和疑问句末→Do you play soccer every day , too ?
either 放否定句末
also 放肯定句中
※ also放在实意动词前,be之后. 36 be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格 be strict in sth. 对某事要求严格 37 需要做某事
need to do sth 主语是人
need doing sth 主语是物
39 穿过
through →介词: 从内部穿过 (park) across →介词:从表面穿过
cross →动词(road, street,bridge) 39 提建议的方式
Why don’t you do sth = Why not do sth. How /what about doing sth.
Let’s do sth.
40 也~
So + 助/系/情态 + 主语 表示肯定意义(…也是如此)
Neither + 助/系/情态 + 主语 表示否定意义(…也不)
※ 它们都属于倒装句。
41 都
both 两者
all三者或三者以上都
42 独自
alone 单独,独自一人 →He is alone at home
lonely 孤独的,寂寞的。有一定的感情色彩 →He lives a lonely life in the country. 41 in the tree 外来的→I saw a cat in the tree.
on the tree 长在树上的→There are many apples on the tree.
44 in the wall 指在墙体内
on the wall 指在墙体表面
45 on the bed 指物品在床上
→My bag is on the bed.
in bed 指人躺在床上→Lily is ill in bed. 46 引导结果状语从句:so和such(如此…以至于…)
so是副词,后接adj和adv 。
句型:
△so+adj/adv+that从句→He worked so hard that he got the first prize.
△so+adj+a(n)+n.+that从句 = such+a(n)+adj+n。+that从句→That was so interesting a story that I read it twice. = That was such an interesting story that I read it twice. such是形容词,后接n.
句型:
△such+a(n)+adj+n.+that从句→He is such a hard-working student that all the teachers love him.
△such+pl./不可数n+that从句→It is such good weather that we can go swimming.
※ 在名词前有many / much / few / little这些词修饰时,要用so…that 。so…that句型的否定形式可用简单句too…to或not…enough to代替。如:
He is so young that he can’t go to school. = He is too young to go to school.
= He is not old enough to go to school.
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