英语重点单词和短语用法总结

 

中考英语重点单词和短语用法总结

1 cost / take / spend / pay 花费

2 花费时间做某事 : It takes sb some time

to do sth . = sb spend some time (in)doing sth .= sb spend some time on sth .

某人花钱买某物 : sb spend some money on sth .= sb pay some money for sth . = sth cost sb . some money .

※ spend 和 pay 主语都是人, cost 主语是物。

※ spent 还可以指“度过”→ How did you spend your weekend ?

2thanks for为…而感谢

thanks to 多亏/由于

3 感叹句 :多么… what + 名词

how + 形容词 / 副词

4因为、由于 : because( 连词 ) +从句: ( 表示原因 )

because of(介词短语) + 名词(短语 )= thanks to

※because和 so不能同时连用 。 5 来自 : be from = come from

6 How ~

How often 对频率提问 ( 多久一次) →回答用表示频率的副词或短语

How long 对一段时间提问 (多久 ) →回答用表示一段时间的状语

How soon 对将来时间提问 ( 多久 ) →回答用 in+时间段

How far 询问多长距离(多长)

7乘交通工具 : take a / the +交通工具 在句中作谓语

by+交通工具=on a 交通工具在句中作方式状语

交通工具有:

train/bus/car/taxi/boat/subway/plane...

※ 骑自行车、马或驴用ride : ride one’s bike / ride a horse / ride a donkey in one’s car 8对不起 : Excuse me (劳驾,客套话 ) Sorry ( 表示道歉 )

9声音 : sound ( 自然界各种声音 ) noise(噪音)

voice(悦耳的声音:嗓子)

10 look like (外貌看起来像… ) be like ( 性格像… )

11 take… to … 带去 bring…to …带来 fetch 没有方向性(强调来回)

12 一些 : some 用于肯定句

any 用于否定句和疑问句

※ 在一般疑问句中,认为对方的答案会是肯定的,或期望得到对方肯定回答时,也用some。

13 多少 : How many修饰可数名词复数 How much 修饰不可数名词

※ How much可对价钱提问:How much are the potatoes ?

14看 :see 强调看的结果

look ( at ) 不及物动词,强调看的动作 watch 观看:比赛、电视、表演、电影

read 读,朗读:看书、看报、看信、看杂志 ※On Saturday night. I saw an interesting talk show.

On Saturday evening. several kids watched a movie. watch a movie =go to a movie 15 stop doing sth 停止做某事 → Please stop talking

stop to do sth 停下来去做别的事

16 forget / remember后接不定式表示未发生的动作

forget / remember to do sth(忘记/记得去做某事)→ He forgot to turn off the light.(没有做关灯的动作) Remember to go to the post office after school.

orget / remember 后接ving表示已发生的动作:

△forget / remember doing sth(忘记/记得做过某事)→ He forgot turningoff the light 。(已做过关灯的动作)

17到达… reach + 地点

get to + 地点 reach = get to

arrive + in + 大地点

arrive + at + 小地点

※ 当get to和 arrive at /in后接地点副词时,都不加介词。如:get home get there 省略 to 18 擅长,在…方面做得好 : be good at = do well in

19 win ( 赢得 )接a game、 war 、a match、 a prize

beat( 打败、战胜 )接运动员、球队、对手等。

33 借/还。lend/borrow

借 borrow sth. from sb = borrow sb. sth 向某人借某物→ borrow借入

lend sth. to sb = lend sb. sth把某物借给某人 → lend 借出

keep延续性动词 ,与一段时间连用。

※ 类似用法的还有:buy — have put on — wear become — be

leave — be away from open — be open begin — be on

die — be dead return — be back

21 能,会。be able to,can

※ 情态动词后面都接动词原形。

22太~ too~

too many 太多 — 修饰可数名词复数→ I have too many rules in my house.

too much 太多 — 修饰不可数名词→ Maybe you have too much yin.

much too太— 后跟形容词或副词原级→ This coat is much too expensive.

23 have / has been to 去过某地 →He has been to Beijing. (现在不在北京)

have / has gone to 去了某地 →He has gone to Beijing. (现在可能在北京,或在去北京的途中)

have/hasbeen in / at在某地

24 used to do sth.过去常做某事→ This river used to be very clean .

be(get)used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 → I’m not used to getting up early.

be used to do sth = be used for doing sth. 被用于做某事→ Pens are used for writing. 26 belong to + 名词 / 人称代词宾格 (属于)

be + 名词所有格 / 名词性物主代词 (是) 26 can’t 不可能

表示推测、判断 could/might 也许、可能 50﹪— 80﹪

must 肯定、一定 100﹪

27 be made from (由…制成)看不出原材料 be made of (由…制成)看得出原材料 27 prefer to do sth 宁愿做某事

prefer sth 。 to sth 。 喜欢…而不喜欢… prefer doing sth 。 to doing sth 。 喜欢做…而不喜欢做…

26 一些表示人的情感或情绪的形容词 : —ed 修饰人 —ing 修饰物

※ interesting(有趣的) — interested(感兴趣的) tiring(累人的)— tired(累的,疲倦的)

boring (令人无聊的)— bored(无聊的)exciting(令人兴奋的)— excited(激动的) surprising(令人惊讶的) — surprised(惊讶的)

relaxing(令人放松的) — relaxed(放松的) embarrassing (令人尴尬的;令人为难的) — embarrassed (尴尬的;为难的)

29 the number of + 名词复数(…的数量)作主语, 谓语用单数。

a number of + 名词复数 (许多、一些)= many

31 for + 一段时间

since + 时间点/过去时的句子

※ for和 since 可以相互转换。如:Jenny has been collecting coins for several years . = Jenny has been collecting coins since several years ______.

32 除…之外

except (不包括在内)→ Everyone could answer this question except Jim .

besides (包括在内)→There are three girls besides me.

34 已经

already 用于肯定句中(已经)

yet 用于疑问句末(已经)

用于否定句末(还)

34 否定祈使句 Don’t + v.

No + v.ing / n.

35 也

too 放肯定句末和疑问句末→Do you play soccer every day , too ?

either 放否定句末

also 放肯定句中

※ also放在实意动词前,be之后. 36 be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格 be strict in sth. 对某事要求严格 37 需要做某事

need to do sth 主语是人

need doing sth 主语是物

39 穿过

through →介词: 从内部穿过 (park) across →介词:从表面穿过

cross →动词(road, street,bridge) 39 提建议的方式

Why don’t you do sth = Why not do sth. How /what about doing sth.

Let’s do sth.

40 也~

So + 助/系/情态 + 主语 表示肯定意义(…也是如此)

Neither + 助/系/情态 + 主语 表示否定意义(…也不)

※ 它们都属于倒装句。

41 都

both 两者

all三者或三者以上都

42 独自

alone 单独,独自一人 →He is alone at home

lonely 孤独的,寂寞的。有一定的感情色彩 →He lives a lonely life in the country. 41 in the tree 外来的→I saw a cat in the tree.

on the tree 长在树上的→There are many apples on the tree.

44 in the wall 指在墙体内

on the wall 指在墙体表面

45 on the bed 指物品在床上

→My bag is on the bed.

in bed 指人躺在床上→Lily is ill in bed. 46 引导结果状语从句:so和such(如此…以至于…)

so是副词,后接adj和adv 。

句型:

△so+adj/adv+that从句→He worked so hard that he got the first prize.

△so+adj+a(n)+n.+that从句 = such+a(n)+adj+n。+that从句→That was so interesting a story that I read it twice. = That was such an interesting story that I read it twice. such是形容词,后接n.

句型:

△such+a(n)+adj+n.+that从句→He is such a hard-working student that all the teachers love him.

△such+pl./不可数n+that从句→It is such good weather that we can go swimming.

※ 在名词前有many / much / few / little这些词修饰时,要用so…that 。so…that句型的否定形式可用简单句too…to或not…enough to代替。如:

He is so young that he can’t go to school. = He is too young to go to school.

= He is not old enough to go to school.

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