话题类阅读解题策略

外教一对一http://www.99jianzhu.com

话题类阅读解题策略

一、策略聚焦

中学生对于语言学习类文章是比较熟悉的，因此在做此类阅读理解时，首先要有信心。其次，在阅读此类文章时必须保持冷静，因为此类文章中往往会出现结构较为复杂的长难句。千万不能因为看到几个长难句就产生紧张情绪，以免影响阅读和解题。第三，要充分利用逻辑思维和平时所掌握的语法知识，对一些长难句进行必要的分析，这样会有助于正确理解文章、解答试题。最后，在阅读过程中还须运用好解答阅读理解题的基本策略和技巧，如对推理判断题，必须通过综合字里行间的表象，作出理性并符合逻辑的推断;对主旨大意题，则可采用略读(skimming)法，快速浏览文章，以便有效地把握段落或文章大意。对于细节理解题，最好还是先读题干，然后再带着问题去阅读文章，从而快速捕捉相关信息。

二、真题回放

【真题回放1】 (2010年全国卷ⅡE篇，保留原题题号)

How words came into being is unknown. All we assume (推测) is that some early men invented certain sounds, in one way or another, to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could talk with each other. Later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be put together to show those sounds, and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken or written in letters, are called words.

The power of words, then, lies in their associations — the things they bring up to our minds. Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words bring back to us the happy and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something to us increases.

Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which have powerful effects on our minds and feelings. This clever use of words is what we call literary style (文体). Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can express his meaning in words which sing like music, and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them correctly, or they will make our speech silly and common.

58. We learn from the text that language might have begun with ______.

A. expressions B. actions

C. signs D. sounds

59. What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2?

A. The learning of new words.

B. The importance of old words.

C. The relation of human experience with words.

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外教一对一 D. The gradual change and development of words.http://www.99jianzhu.com

60. In the last paragraph, what does the author suggest that we should do?

A. Use words skilfully.

B. Make musical speeches.

C. Learn poems by heart.

D. Associate with listeners.

【答案解析】

58. D。推理判断题。根据第1段中的All we assume is that some early men invented certain sounds, in one way or another, to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could talk with each other可推出sounds很可能是最初的语言雏形。故选D项。

59. C。段落大意题。第2段首句就点出了该段的主旨大意。另外，句中的associations与选项C中的relation是同义词。故选C项。

60. A。作者意图题。根据最后一段中作者对伟大作家和诗人在使用语言方面的赞赏及最后一句话We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them correctly, or they will make our speech silly and common不难看出作者建议我们要掌握用词的技巧。故选A项。

【真题回放2】 (2010年四川卷A篇，保留原题题号)

I grew up in a house where the TV was seldom turned on and with one wall in my bedroom entirely lined with bookshelves, most of my childhood was spent on books I could get hold of. In fact, I grew up thinking of reading as natural as breathing and books unbelievably powerful in shaping perspectives (观点) by creating worlds we could step into, take part in and live in.

With this unshakable belief, I, at fourteen, decided to become a writer. Here too, reading became useful. Every writer starts off knowing that he has something to say, but being unable to find the right ways to say it. He has to find his own voice by reading widely and discovering which parts of the writers he agrees or disagrees with, or agrees with so strongly that it reshapes his own world. He cannot write without loving to read, because only through reading other people’s writing can one discover what works, what doesn’t and, in the end, together with lots of practice, what voice he has.

Now I am in college, and have come to realize how important it is to read fiction (文学作品). As a law student, my reading is in fact limited to subject matter — the volume (量) of what I have to read for classes every week means there is little time to read anything else. Such reading made it all the clearer to me that I live in a very small part in this great place called life. Reading fiction reminds me that there is life beyond my own. It allows me to travel across the high seas and along the Silk Road, all from the comfort of my own armchair, to experience, though secondhand, exciting experiences that I wouldn’t necessarily be able to have in my lifetime.

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外教一对一 http://www.99jianzhu.com

41. What can be inferred about the author as a child?

A. He never watched TV.

B. He read what he had to.

C. He found reading unbelievable.

D. He considered reading part of his life.

42. The underlined word “voice” in the second paragraph most probably means “______”.

A. an idea B. a sound quality

C. a way of writing D. a world to write about

43. What effect does reading have on the author?

A. It helps him to realize his dream.

B. It opens up a wider world for him.

C. It makes his college life more interesting.

D. It increases his interest in worldwide travel.

44. Which of the following can be the best title of this text?

A. Why do I read? B. How do I read?

C. What do I read? D. When do I read?

【答案解析】

41. D。推理判断题。根据第1段中的In fact, I grew up thinking of reading as natural as breathing and books unbelievably powerful in shaping perspectives by creating worlds we could step into, take part in and live in可判断出作者儿时就把读书当作了生活的一部分。故选D项。

42. C。猜测词义题。根据第2段中的... but being unable to find the right ways to say it. He has to find his own voice by reading widely ...可知这里的voice与前面的ways是相关联的，因此可以推断出voice在此处指的是“写作的方式”。故选C项。

43. B。细节理解题。根据文章最后一句可知读书丰富了作者的人生经历，给作者呈现了一个更广阔的世界。故选B项。

44. A。归纳标题题。综观全文可以看到作者是以自己的亲身体验讲述了读书的重要性。A项是最佳选项。

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外教一对一三、巩固练习http://www.99jianzhu.com

Choose the best answers:

Every day we experience one of the wonders of the world around us without even realizing it. It is not the amazing complexity of television, nor the impressive technology of transport. The universal wonder we share and experience is our ability to make noises with our mouths, and so transmit ideas and thoughts to each other’s minds. This ability comes so naturally that we tend to forget what a miracle (奇迹) it is.

Obviously, the ability to talk is something that marks humans off from animals. Of course, some animals have powers just as amazing. Birds can fly thousands of miles by observing positions of the stars in the sky in relation to the time of day and year. In Nature’s talent show, humans are a species of animal that have developed their own special act. If we reduce it to basic terms, it’s an ability for communicating information to others, by varying sounds we make as we breathe out. Not that we don’t have other powers of communication. Our facial expressions convey our emotions, such as anger, or joy, or disappointment. The way we hold our heads can indicate to others whether we are happy or sad. This is so-called “body language”. Bristling (直立的) fur is an unmistakable warning of attack among many animals. Similarly, the bowed head or drooping tail shows a readiness to take second place in any animal gathering.

Such a means of communication is a basic mechanism that animals, including human beings, instinctively acquire and display. Is the ability to speak just another sort of instinct? If so, how did human beings acquire this amazing skill? Biologists can readily indicate that particular area of our brain where speech mechanisms function, but this doesn’t tell us how that part of our bodies originated in our biological history.

(2010年江西卷E篇，调整原题题号)

1. According to the passage, the wonder we take for granted is ______.

A. our ability to use language

B. the miracle of technology

C. the amazing power of nature

D. our ability to make noises with mouth

2. What feature of “body language” mentioned in the passage is common to both humans and animals?

A. Lifting heads when sad.

B. Keeping long faces when angry.

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外教一对一 C. Bristling hair when ready to attack.http://www.99jianzhu.com

D. Bowing heads when willing to obey.

3. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?

A. Body language is unique to humans.

B. Animals express emotions just as humans do.

C. Humans have other powers of communication.

D. Humans are no different from animals to some degree.

4. This passage is mainly about ______.

A. the development of body language

B. the special role humans play in nature

C. the power to convey information to others

D. the difference between humans and animals in language use

This brief book is aimed at high school students, but speaks to anyone learning at any stage of life.

Its formal, serious style closely matches its content, a school-masterly book on schooling. The author, W. H. Armstrong, starts with the basics: reading and writing. In his opinion, reading doesn’t just mean recognizing each word on the page; it means taking in the information, digesting it and incorporating it into oneself just as one digests a sandwich and makes it a part of himself. The goal is to bring the information back to life, not just to treat it as dead facts on paper from dead trees.Reading and writing cannot be completely separated from each other; in fact, the aim of reading is to express the information you have got from the text. I’ve seen it again and again: someone who can’t express an idea after reading a text is just as ineffective as someone who hasn’t read it at all.

Only a third of the book remains after that discussion, which Armstrong devotes to specific tips for studying languages, math, science and history. He generally handles these topics thoroughly (透彻地) and equally, except for some weakness in the science and math sections and a bit too much passion (激情) regarding history. Well, he was a history teacher — if conveyed only a tenth of his passion to his students, that was a hundred times more than my history teachers ever got across. To my disappointment, in this part of the book he ignores the arts. As a matter of fact, they demand all the concentration and study that math and science do, though the study differs slightly in kind. Although it’s commonly believed that the arts can only be naturally acquired, actually, learning the arts is no more natural than learning French or mathematics.

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外教一对一 http://www.99jianzhu.com

My other comment is that the text aged. The first edition apparently dates to the 1960s — none of the references (参考文献) seem newer than the late 1950s. As a result, the discussion misses the entire computer age.

These are small points, though, and don’t affect the main discussion. I recommend it to any student and any teacher, including the self-taught student.

(2010年湖北A卷D篇，调整原题题号)

5. According to Armstrong, the goal of reading is to ______.

A. express ideas based on what one has read

B. gain knowledge and expand one’s view

C. understand the meaning between the lines

D. get information and keep it alive in memory

6. The author of the passage insists that learning the arts ______.

A. is less natural than learning maths

B. requires great efforts

C. is as natural as learning a language

D. demands real passion

7. What is a shortcoming of Armstrong’s work according to the author?