为什么当初没有想到正确答案!

 

为什么当初没有想到正确答案!

为什么当初没有想到正确答案!这是学生在做英语语法填空题时经常会发出的感叹。而我作为教师也会经常反问:为什么学生当初就没有填对正确答案?2014年高考英语试题以语篇填空代替十几年的单句型语言知识题,对学生的能力要求提出了更高的要求,也对英语学科的教学也提出了新的要求。而最现实的也是最急迫的就是语法还要不要讲、要不要学的问题,学生们面临的直接困惑是:填不对正确答案。而一旦给出答案,又会豁然开朗:原来如此!我是想到了但是没敢填,怕错。为什么会这样?究其根源在于思维。

没有选项的语法填空考查的是一种思维,是语言能力的运用。即:测试考生对于文章大意的把握能力、句子还原能力、逻辑思维能力及对英语语言知识的应用能力。重点考查学生能否将中学阶段所学语言知识运用到实际的英语读写活动中去。

语法到底要不要讲和学呢?答案是肯定的。

但是一定与过去不同。以前把语法讲深了,难了,也讲多了。而现在要求教师改变过分强调语法规则的条条框框而忽视其语用功能的做法,要夯实基础;要求学生改变过分重视接受性技能的学习而忽视产出性技能养成的现象。因为语法填空题是在阅读理解的基础上考查语法和语用知识,突出语篇,强调运用,体现语言的交际性原则,也可以说这个题型从更高层次上体现了高中英语课程改革的教学理念----人文性:培养能够思考、能够表达有较高素养的人

怎么避免马后炮的情形出现?要做到以下几点:

1

①相关知识点或技能点的强化练习,然后逐层训练推进到篇章结构,重点分析句与句之间,段落与段落之间的结构关系。

②语法必须讲但要注重基础、精准和语境。即拓宽度、降难度、重语境。

③加强对学生语篇逻辑分析能力和精细阅读能力的培养,要层层推进扎实进行:句子与句子之间的逻辑关系;段落与段落之间的逻辑关系;语篇整体逻辑结构。

④词法方面:不规则动词,词性变化。动词时态语态为重点,连词介词,句法重在连接词。

⑤重视语言的精确性的强化训练, 找到答题依据:句型、搭配、逻辑关系、上下文和句子结构。

在解题过程中,要注重解题技巧、技能的培养

一、 对于已给出的动词,要注意是作谓语还是非谓语

如果动词作谓语,应注意时态和语态;如果动词不作谓语,应注意非谓语动词形式

1. The teacher caught the boy_____ (sleep) in class and got very angry.

2. Mr. Li opened the door and _____ (find) that the whole room was in a great mess.

◆ 分析句子结构可知,所给动词sleep在句中不作谓语,而是作宾语补足语。再根据句子的逻辑关系可知,sleep的逻辑主语是the boy,而且sleep所表示的动作在caught发生时正在进行, 2

所以要用sleep的现在分词形式sleeping.

◆ 分析句子结构可知,空白出的动词和前面的opened构成两个并列的谓语动词,因此这两个动词在时态上应该保持一致,所以此空应填found.

二、 词性转换的考查:词语的词性用法和相关的同根词的把握,主

要体现在名词、形容词和副词的用法方面。要分析空格处所需单词在句中作什么成分,或者根据空格前后的信息来确定空白处单词的形式。

1. She stood there and looked at me with great ______ ( astonish)

2. My grandfather is so _______ (forget) that you’ll have to remind him of his medicine every time.

3. In our first chemistry class, our chemistry teacher told us to do our experiment ______ (care).

◆ 空格前面的介词with及形容词great限制了空格处应该填名词,astonish的名词形式为astonishment

◆ 空格前面的副词so和前面的is暗示了此空应该填所给单词的形容词形式在句中作表语。forget的形容词是forgetful.(健忘的,疏忽的)

◆ 分析句子结构可知, 空格出的成分修饰前面的动词do,修饰动词常用副词,所以此空应该用carefully.

三、 依据文中的逻辑关系和句子的含义来推测、确定答案。

1. She jumped up from her bed, dressed _______ quickly and went 3

out to see what was happening outside.

2. When Mr. Smith heard that _____ grandfather was very ill. He felt very sad.

3. My grandfather is more than sixty years old now. _______, He doesn’t want to stay at home and do nothing at all.

◆ 分析句子的逻辑关系,本句中的动词dress是及物动词且动作的对象是主语本身。于是可以确定应该填She的反身代词herself做动词dress的宾语。

◆ 分析句子结构及grandfather 和Mr. Smith之间的关系可知,这个空应该填代词的所有格形式his.

◆ 根据语境和句意可知,前后两个句子是转折关系。所以本空应该填入一个表示转折意义的副词,因为有标点符号逗号,应该填However.

四、 依据句型、短语、搭配来确定答案

1. At school, she finds_____ difficult for her to get on well with her classmates.

2. She found that it was ___ cold outside that she withdrew herself back into the room.

3. It was through years of hard work_____ Mr. Li stood out in his work and obtained his fame.

◆分析句子结构:主语+ finds_____+ 形容词(宾补)+动词不定式复合结构(真正宾语)。在这类结构中,一般要用it在句中作形式宾语。 4

所以本空填it.

◆分析句子结构可知,第一个that引导的是一个宾语从句。而在从句中又有一个固定结构:so?that?句型。

◆分析句子结构可知,本句中It was的后面是一个介词短语,符合强调句型的结构,因此,我们可以确定此空应该填that,构成强调句型“It was+ 被强调部分+其它”。

五、连接词问题:状语从句、定语从句、主语从句、强调句等常见句式

比较下列句子:

He has three sons, none of whom is a doctor.

He has three sons, who/all of whom are doctors.

He has three sons, but none of them is a doctor.

He has three sons; all of them are doctors.

A modern city has been set up in (what) was a waste land ten years ago.(名词性从句)

I can never forget the day( when) we worked together and the day (that/ which) we spent together.(限制性定语从句)

I will never forget the day when/ on which I joined the party. (限制性定语从句)

What caused the accident was a broken bottle. (特指)

Whatever caused the accident has not yet been found. 泛指

Whatever you want makes no difference to me.( Whatever = anything 5

that泛指)

Who will go to Beijing on business has not been decided. (Who 表示疑问“谁” )

Whoever breaks the law should be punished.( Whoever= anyone who 无论哪个人)

We paid a visit to the school where we studied when we were still children.

My suggestion is that we should hold another meeting to discuss the matter.(表语从句)

六、冠词,代词等限定词的考查:缺少主语或宾语,一定填代词,包括人称代词,关系代词,指示代词等,若空格后是名词且没有限定词修饰,则可能填限定词

Mr. Brown, _____ university student from London, will come to Beijing for a visit.

本空格应该填入一个不定冠词a,表示泛指,修饰后面的单数可数名词student.

再如:2012广东卷22空:Of course wherever they turned to look at 七介词考查灵活,情景真实性强,词块识记

表示“关注”的词块有:pay attention to/ fix attention on/ focus on/ 6

concentrate on等。表示“因为”的词块有:result from/ due to/ owing to/ because of/ as a result of/ thanks to/ on account of等。表示“导致”的词块有result in/lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to

八、时态和语态

It has been raining in the past two days.过去两天一直在下雨。(现在完成进行时)

He was writing a book last year, but I don’t know whether he has finished it. 他去年在写一本书, 我不知道他写完没有。

The plane is arriving in five minutes.(进行时表将来)

飞机将于20分钟之后到达。

I had meant to come here, but I was too busy then. (过去完成时) 我本打算来这,但我那时太忙了。

If he comes today, I won’t go. (主从句时态) 如果他今天来,我就走。 He studied in Beijing for three years, and then he has lived in Beijing till now/ever since /since then. (过去时,完成时)

他在北京读了三年书,然后就一直住在北京。

He is afraid of being laughed at(被动中介词不能省略)

他害怕被人嘲笑。

The workers get paid by the month. (get表被动) 工人们按月发工资。 His theory proved (to be) true. (系动词) 他的理论被证实是对的。 The book sells well and is worth reading. Besides, it is easy to understand. 这本书好卖,且值得一读,此外还很容易懂。 7

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