Sassen-1999-Thermogenic gas hydrates and hydro(5)

ofK.C.,land?llPelphrey,methane.S.R.,Cragg,Maxwell,B.A.,Parkes,R.J.,Weightman,J.C.,containingJ.R.,EarthandPlanetarygashydrate1996.BacterialRochelle,P.A.,Science(ODPpopulationsinsedimentsLettersLeg146:139,Cascadia497±507.

Margin).Fisher,TheC.R.,fromlairofMacDonald,theI.R.,Joye,S.,Sassen,R.,1998.OceantheGulficeofMexicoworm:A(Poster).clathratedwellingpolychaeteSanDiego,SciencesCaliforniaMeeting.In:Proceedings1998OS3.

AmericanGeophysicalUnion,

R.Sassenetal./OrganicGeochemistry30(1999)485±497

497

Ginsburg,Hydrates.G.D.,VNIIOkeangeologia,Soloviev,V.A.,St.1994.Petersburg,SubmarineRussia,Gasp.Ginsburg,216.

waterG.D.,1998.GashydrateaccumulationsinRelevancesediments.GeologicaltoIn:Henreit,J-P.,Meinert,J.(Eds.),deep-Society,worldLondon,marginspp.stability51±62andSpecialclimatePublicationchange.James,137.

faceA.T.,naturalBurns,gasB.J.,accumulations.1984.MicrobialAAPGalterationBulletinof68,subsur-957±Jenden,960.

gasesP.D.,marinefromKaplan,canyon:theMiddleI.R.,1986.ComparisonofmicrobialImplicationsAmericafortheTrenchoriginandScrippssub-KennicuttAppliedWade,II,Geochemistryofnaturalgas.ydrocarbonT.L.,M.C.,1,631±646.

seepMcDonald,Brooks,J.M.,regiononT.J.,the1985.Bidigare,R.R.,Fay,R.R.,LouisianaVent-typeslope.taxainaKennicutt317,351±353.

NatureLeakageII,M.C.,Brooks,J.M.,Denoux,G.J.,1988.oftheofGulfdeep,ofreservoiredMexicopetroleumcontinentaltotheslope.nearsurfaceKvenvolden,ChemistrytiveandglobalK.A.,24,39±59.

Marinechange.1993.GasReviewshydratesDgeologicalofGeophysics31,perspec-173±Kvenvolden,187.

methaneK.A.,1995.AreviewofthegeochemistryLarkin,997±1008.

innaturalgashydrate.OrganicGeochemistry23,ofcrobialJ.,Aharon,P.,Henk,M.C.,1994.Beggiatoainmi-andWarmmatsMineralathydrocarbonSprings,Florida.ventsintheGeo-MarineGulfofMexicoLettersMacDonald,14,97±103.

KennicuttI.R.,Boland,G.S.,hydrocarbonII,M.C.,Bidigare,R.R.,Baker,1989.J.S.,GulfBrooks,J.M.,seeporganismsseepandcommunitieshydrocarbonsII.SpatialatBushdistributionofMexicoHill.ofMacDonald,Biology101,MarineCallender,I.R.,235±247.

hydrocarbonW.R.,Guinasso,seepGabrielle,N.L.,communities:S.G.,Reilly,VI.1990a.J.F.,Brooks,J.M.,PatternsGulfincommunityofMexicoMacDonald,structureandCarney,I.R.,habitat.Reilly,Geo-MarineJ.F.,Letters10,244±252.ChemosyntheticR.S.,Bryant,W.A.,Guinasso,Bright,N.L.,Brooks,T.J.,1990b.J.M.,MacDonald,northernGulfofmusselsatabrine-?lledpockmarkintheJ.M.,theLee,I.R.,L.,Scott,GuinassoMexico.ScienceK.T.,1994.Jr,N.L.,248,GashydrateSassen,1096±1099.

thatR.,breachesBrooks,MacDonald,Mexico.sea-ˉoorGeologyonthecontinentalslopeoftheGulfofI.R.,Reilly22,699±702.

Jr,J.F.,Best,S.E.,Venkataramaiah,

R.,sensingSassen,R.,GuinassoJr,N.L.,Amos,J.,1996.RemotecommunitiesinventoryintheofactivenorthernoilseepsGulfandofMexico.chemosyntheticAAPGNelson,MemoirmethanotrophicD.C.,66,27±37.

Fisher,C.R.,1995.Chemoautotrophicandandendosymbioticbacteriaatdeep-seaventsdeep-seaseeps.hydrothermalIn:Karl,D.M.vents.(Ed.),ThemicrobiologyofReillyFlorida,CRCPress,BocaRaton,1996.Jr,J.F.,pp.MacDonald,125±167.

theticGeologiccommunitiescontrolsI.R.,intheonGulftheBiegert,ofdistributionE.K.,Brooks,J.M.,Mexico.AAPGofchemosyn-MemoirRoberts,66,39±62.

bonateH.H.,reviewofbuildupsAharon,P.,1994.Hydrocarbon-derivedcar-submersibleofthenorthernGulfofMexicoslope:aRoberts,14,135±148.

investigations.Geo-MarineLettersgas,andH.H.,sedimentCarney,ventingR.S.,1997.ontheEvidencenorthernofGulfepisodicˉuid,Sassen,continentalR.,carbon1993.R.,Roberts,slope.EconomicGeology92,863±879.

ofMexicoseeps,ChemosyntheticH.H.,Aharon,GulfofMexicobacterialP.,continentalmatsLarkin,atJ.,Carney,slope.coldOrganichydro-Sassen,Geochemistryhydrate,R.,MacDonald,20,77±89.

I.R.,1994.EvidenceofstructureSassen,GeochemistryGulf23,ofMexicocontinentalslope.OrganicHN.L.,R.,OrganicKennicuttMacDonald,1029±1032.

I.R.,Requejo,A.G.,GuinassoJr,communities,geochemistryII,M.C.,ofSweet,sedimentsS.T.,Brooks,J.M.,1994.Sassen,14,110±119.

GulfofMexicoslope.fromGeo-MarinechemosyntheticLettersimentalR.,Sassen,nentalslope.andMacDonald,naturalI.R.,1997.Hydrocarbonsofexper-OrganicgasGeochemistryhydrates,Gulf26,ofMexicoconti-Requejo,R.,MacDonald,I.R.,Guinasso,289±293.

D.A.,sea-ˉoorSchink,A.G.,gashydrate.D.R.,Sweet,1998.S.T.,Alcala

-Herrera,N.L.,J.,DeFreitas,Joye,S.,

Signi?canceBacterialtomethanelifeinoxidationinSloan,vironments.E.D.,1990.GeologyClathrate26,851±854.

extremeen-HydratesStahl,Dekker,tionationW.J.,NewofNaturalGases.1980.York.

duringCompositionaldegradationofchangeshydrocarbonsand13C/12Cfrac-VanGeochimicaHook,A.,et1961.CosmochimicaCrystallization:Acta44,Theory1903±1907.

bybacteria.andPractice.Winters,Reinhold,ofJ.C.,NewWilliams,York.

Chemistry,petroleuminthereservoir.J.A.,1969.ACSMicrobiologicDivisionalterationE31.

NewYorkCityMeeting,PreprintsofPetroleum14,E22-